Unit One Globalization

2. To enable Ss to know about globalization To familiarize Ss with new words related to globalization To develop Ss� listening and reading skills about telephoning To know how to manage phone calls To cultivate Ss how to deal with human resources To enhance Ss business writing techniques by writing a memo

4. Discuss these questions.

5. Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations start operating on a global scale. Globalisation is a catchall term for many processes that are at the heart of the global economy: the spread of instant global communications; the rapid growth of international trade, global capital markets and foreign investment; and the emergence of a new breed of global corporation. The global economy is the product of all these things, and more than the sum of them.

6. Economic �globalization� is a historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through trade and financial flows. The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across international borders. There are also broader cultural, political and environmental dimensions of globalization that are not covered here.

7. Globalisation, in one way or another, has been going on since human beings started to travel and go to war with their neighbours. However, the modern form is highly dependent on electronic communications and rapid international travel and freight, and has grown up with them. At its most basic, there is nothing mysterious about globalization. The term has come into common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technological advances that have made it easier and quicker to complete international transactions�both trade and financial flows. It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity�village markets, urban industries, or financial centers.

8. Coca-Cola Ford McDonald�s Wal-Mart Lenovo Haier, etc.

9. This is a matter of opinion and down to individual companies. As globalization has progressed, living conditions (particularly when measured by broader indicators of well being) have improved significantly in virtually all countries. However, the strongest gains have been made by the advanced countries and only some of the developing countries.

10. That the income gap between high-income and low-income countries has grown wider is a matter for concern. And the number of the world�s citizens in abject poverty (the state of being extremely poor) is deeply disturbing. But it is wrong to jump to the conclusion that globalization has caused the divergence (difference), or that nothing can be done to improve the situation. To the contrary: low-income countries have not been able to integrate with the global economy as quickly as others, partly because of their chosen policies and partly because of factors outside their control.

11. No country, least of all the poorest, can afford to remain isolated from the world economy. Every country should seek to reduce poverty. The international community should endeavor�by strengthening the international financial system, through trade, and through aid�to help the poorest countries integrate into the world economy, grow more rapidly, and reduce poverty. That is the way to ensure all people in all countries have access to the benefits of globalization.

12. Listening: For and against globalization Stephen Haseler

13. A. Words and their definitions

14. B. Listen and answer the questions. 1. Is Stephen Haseler generally in favour of globalization or against it?

15. B. Listen and answer the questions. 2. Which of the points below does Stephen Haseler make? Advantages Globalisation increases the power of governments. Globalisation increases competition among companies. Competition will increase employment everywhere. Disadvantages Globalisation could lead to big employment problems in the West. Globalisation lowers people�s living standards. Globalisation prevents governments from controlling their welfare systems. Globalisation creates cross-cultural problems.

16. B. Listen and answer the questions. 2. Which of the points below does Stephen Haseler make?

17. C. Complete the text below with these phrases from the interview.

18. A. Discuss the following questions. 1. What do you know about Boeing? 2. Where is its head office? 3. What do you think in-plant and out- plant mean?

19. 1. Boeing is a US company which manufactures aeroplanes for civil aviation. 2. Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, USA (In March 2001, Boeing announced plans to move its headquarters office from Seattle, Wash., to an area separate from the bases of its various businesses. After an extensive site evaluation process, the company selected Chicago, Ill., and began operations in its new World Headquarters offices on Sept. 4, 2001.) 3. In-plant means in Seattle. Out-plant means everywhere else.

20. Boeing is the world�s leading aerospace company and the largest manufacturer of commercial jetliners and military aircraft combined. Additionally, Boeing designs and manufactures rotorcraft, electronic and defense systems, missiles, satellites, launch vehicles and advanced information and communication systems. As a major service provider to NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), Boeing operates the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. The company also provides numerous military and commercial airline support services. Boeing has customers in more than 90 countries around the world and is one of the largest U.S. exporters in terms of sales.

21. Headquartered in Chicago, Boeing employs more than 150,000 people across the United States and in 70 countries. This represents one of the most diverse, talented and innovative workforces anywhere. More than 83,800 of our people hold college degrees�including nearly 29,000 advanced degrees�in virtually every business and technical field from approximately 2,800 colleges and universities worldwide. Our enterprise also leverages the talents of hundreds of thousands more skilled people working for Boeing suppliers worldwide. For further information: http://www.boeing.com/

22. C. Read the article �Flight plan from Seattle� and decide the following statements are True or False.

23. Vocabulary: Entering New Markets

24. B. Complete the sentences. 1. Wal-Mart, a US retail chain, entered the Mexican market by setting up a 50-50 __________ with a local Mexican retailer. 2. When the Japanese tyre group Bridgestone entered the US market, it made an __________, buying the local production base of Firestone. 3. If a company wishes to enter the Chinese market, it usually looks for a ___________ who will cooperate in setting up a joint venture. 4. If a company is short of capital to expand overseas, it may prefer to have _________ or __________ agreements with local businesses.

25. phone rage: angry behaviour on the telephone by people who are not satisfied with the service they are receiving, etc.(?????) Globalization has helped to make the telephone an essential business communication tool.

26. A. Discuss the questions. Do you like using the phone? What makes you angry on the phone? What are the special problems of telephone communication compared to face-to-face communication?

27. B. Read the article �Bad line on behaviour� and answer the following questions. What do people find most annoying on the phone? What three reasons for the rise in phone rage are given? Do you agree? Are phone techniques improving? What do you think is meant by remote working?

28. Being kept waiting, being connected to voice mail, being passed on to someone else, talking to someone who sounds inattentive, unconcerned or insincere.

29. People are more likely to express anger over the phone rather than in writing or face to face; telephone usage has risen steeply over recently; people�s expectations have risen.

30. Working outside company premises, e.g. at home or on client premises.

31. Some guidelines on using the telephone at work Always give your name. Answer the telephone quickly. Greet the caller politely. Listen to what your caller is saying. Show interest and understanding. Try to be helpful. Be clear about what you can and can�t do. Deal with anything you can deal with. Don�t leave the caller hanging on the phone. Make sure you pass on any messages you take. Make sure you follow-up on any promises you have made.

32. Skills:Managing telephone calls Listen to five telephone conversations and choose the adjective from the box that best describes the person who receives the call.

33. Study the business call below and improve it .

34. A: Netsat. Good morning. How can I help you? B: Good morning. Could I speak to Donna Weston, please? A: One moment, please � I�m afraid she�s not available at the moment. Would you like to leave a message? B: Yes, please. This is Eva Wartanowicz. Could you ask her to phone me back later this afternoon? A: Yes, certainly. Could you just spell your name for me? B: Yes, it�s W-A-R-T-A-N-O-W-I-C-Z. A: Could I just read back to you--W-A-R-T-A-A-O-W-I-C-Z? B: That�s correct. A: And can I take your number, Ms Wartanowicz? B: It�s 01863 483 2189. A: That�s fine. I�ll make sure Donna gets your message. B: Thank you very much. Goodbye. A: Goodbye.

35. Background

36. Case study:Fortune Garments Problems Quality control: materials are often of poor quality, resulting in cancelled orders Responding to customer needs: not responding to customers� needs quickly, losing sales Design: described as �boring, behind the times, and with no appeal to a fashion-conscious buyer�; Reason: ideas not shared between designers, they rarely travel abroad

37. Case study:Fortune Garments Consultant�s Report Management: Managers of subsidiaries say they are underpaid Managers request a share in the profits Managers want more autonomy and less control Managers need more advice on quality control and like more contact with staff from other subsidiaries

38. Case study:Fortune Garments Consultant�s Report Factory Workers and Administrative Staff: staff turnover high, industrial accidents common, Reason: health and safety regulations not properly observed factory workers complain about wages, often expected to work overtime administrative staff say offices overcrowded, badly ventilated supervisors of different nationality from their staff, causing communication problems