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This training program focuses on strategies for outreach and engagement in HIV harm reduction, particularly for PWID. Learn best practices, client needs recognition, and safety measures. Workshop overview, training objectives, glossary, and effective communication skills included. Training materials are commissioned by NYC DOH.
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HIV Harm Reduction Navigator Training • Commissioned by NYC DOH National Capacity Building Program for Health Departments and CBOs who have outreach staff and peers providing prevention services for people who use drugs. • Particular focus on PWID and health care issues. • Materials are drawn from HRC’s long experience and other Harm Reduction program peer training programs. • You are experts in the field no matter how long you have been doing outreach. Everyone brings relevant experiences & perspectives to this work.
Group Agreements • Step up, Step Back • Non-Judgment • Use “I” Statements • Agree to disagree • Confidentiality • WAIT/PUSH/ELMO
Training Objectives By the end of this session you will be able to: Discuss the benefits of outreach. Recognize client needs, more effectively. Examine the role of self-disclosure during outreach interaction. Identify ‘best practices’ to ensure safety for both outreach providers and participants. Provide more appropriate referrals.
Glossary PWID—People Who Inject Drugs PWUD—People Who Use Drugs PLWHA—People Living with HIV/AIDS SUDs—Substance Use Disorders SAS – Syringe Access Services SEP – Syringe Exchange Program AOD – Alcohol & Other Drugs
Sexual Orientation >> to whom we are sexually attracted • Gender Identity >> sense of self as male or female, neither or both • LGBTQI Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Transsexual, Two Spirited, Questioning, Intersex
2. Outreach “A process designed to contact individuals in non-traditional settings who might otherwise be ignored or underserved.” The Open Health Services and Policy Journal; 2010. Olivet J, Bass. UK E, Elstad E, Kenney R, Jassil L.; Outreach and Engagement in Homeless Services: A Review of the Literature
What is the Purpose of Outreach? • Make connections with people in the community. • Provide harm reduction supplies and education. • Offer support. • Provide a non-judgmental bridge between services.
What is the Purpose of Outreach? • Provide active listening • Provide key referrals: • medical care, syringe exchange, overdose prevention, testing for HIV and Hep C, Hep A + B vaccinations • Remember • You are not expected to do everything • or know all of the answers.
Summary of Outreach Skills • Philosophy of unconditional caring & respect • Ability to establish trust & communicate effectively • Equipped with appropriate information: knowledge of local resources relevant to target population, ability to make referrals • Organizational skills, record keeping • Ability to network with at-risk groups • Maintaining appropriate personal boundaries • Ability to work in target population’s community; actively participate in community events Adapted from NIDA, Community-Based Outreach Model: A manual to reduce the risk of HIV & Other Blood-Bourne Infections in Drug Users; 2000
Activity: Skills & Characteristics • Group 1: What skills & characteristics do you think an outreach worker needs? • Group 2: What gets in the way of effective engagement and communication- actions/behaviors/attitudes? • Two groups – groups switch after 5 minutes, review and add to brainstorming lists. • Report back to larger group for discussion.
3. Effective Communication & Engagement Skills Foto: CDC/Amanda Mills
Effective Communication DOES NOT… X Act as “expert” or do most of the talking X Diagnose, label, judge X Argue the person has a problem and needs to change X Prescribes solutions X Pressure, threaten consequences, act punitively
Stages of Change Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
PRE-CONTEMPLATION “Not Considering It” CONTEMPLATION “Thinking About It” PREPARATION “Planning To Do It” ACTION “Doing It” MAINTENANCE “Staying With It” RETURN/RELAPSE “Stop Doing It”
Motivational Interviewing (MI) Basics Motivational Interviewing is a directive, client-centeredcounseling style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence. Miller and Rollnick
Directive and Client-Centered • Focused and goal-directed • Elicits exploration of ambivalence • Guides client toward acceptable resolution that stimulates behavioral change • Change comes from the participant, its not imposed • Provider and Participant relationship is collaborative.
Expresses Empathy • Understanding of individual’s perspective and frame of reference. • Explores fears or hesitations regarding change; comfort with current habits, rituals, environment, etc. • Counselor conveys understanding and builds an alliance through reflective listening.
“I don’t know why everyone is so upset I’m still getting high now and again…it’s not like I’m doing it everyday anymore!” “So others have expressed concerns about your drug use, but you don't feel the same concern because you are not using as much as you once did.” Express Empathy
Encourages Self-Efficacy & Motivation • Does the client perceive change as being important? • Look for recognition around issues (change talk): • “I guess it doesn’t really make sense. • I don’t even enjoy getting high anymore. • It’s just making my problems worse.” • Is the client confident they’re able to make the change? • Look for optimistic expressions around change.
Encourages Self-Efficacy & Motivation • Reinforces the perceived importance of making a change. • “That’s great you feel ready to make a change, and moderating your use sounds like a really positive step!” • Highlight strengths, resources, abilities, history, and belief that change is possible. • Expect success!
Self-Disclosure The role of personal information during outreach: • Disclosure can be a powerful tool. • Keep boundaries in mind. • Always consider the reasons why you are sharing this information – how will this information benefit the participant?
Engagement Toolbox • Ask open-ended questions • Use affirming statements • Reflective listening & summaries • Decision balance • Change plan
Open-Ended Questions • Let the client do most of the talking • Open-ended Q do not invite brief or Yes/No answers • Open questions begin with: what, why, how, describe. • Examples: • What do you like about drinking alcohol? • How do you think it will be different if you tell your partner your Hep C status? • Tell me about your cocaine use.* • *Colombo Approach
ACTIVITY: Flip That Question!
4. Safety and De-escalation Safety First: Always let your supervisor know where you are. Go out in pairs, watch each other’s backs. Do you have to go out alone? Don’t approach people who are signaling they don’t want to be approached. Don’t interrupt sales of drugs or sex. Don’t work sick.
Safety and Outreach Introduce yourself and let people know what you’re doing. And why. Wear an agency ID or carry documentation identifying you as a peer just in case. Trust your instincts! If you are uncomfortable in a situation, walk away from it. Make contingency plans for worst case scenarios agreed upon by the whole team.
What is your agency’s protocol in the event you are stopped by police? • Or had an accidental needlestick? • Make this plan and identify a point-person to call at any hour when workers are conducting outreach. • Check the weather. • Keep supervisors informed of your location & activities.
Crisis Intervention Strategies • Crises occur when a person can not utilize coping skills to manage stress from a difficult situation. • Providers can help the client feel an immediate de-escalation of anxiety, fear and panic. • Maintaining your personal safety is key!
Example Strategies and Action Steps • Project calmness; acknowledge and validate feelings; encourage the person to talk; listen closely and patiently. • Maintain a relaxed and attentively open posture; non-challenging or threatening. • Point out choices/options, break big problems into smaller ones. • Position yourself so that have easy access to an exit if you are in an office or private space.
Maintaining Safety: What to Avoid in a Crisis T.A.C.O.S. X Threatening X Arguing X Challenging X Ordering X Shaming
5. Supportive Referrals Identifying client needs that cannot be met by yourself or agency (beyond base of knowledge, skills or responsibility) and assist participants in accessing available support systems and community resources.
Group Activity: Referrals • Break into groups • Each group can start at opposite sides of the room, brainstorming local referrals for each category • One person from each group report back examples of referral options to large group for discussion or expansion
Group Activity: Referrals • Hep C, HIV, STI Testing (including Hep A + B vaccinations & care) • HIV, Hep C Primary Care and Treatment • Dental Care • Mental Health Services • Support Groups • Alcohol & Substance Use Treatment • (Suboxone, MMTPs, • in/out-patient, ) • Harm Reduction/ • Syringe Access Programs • Overdose Prevention • Case Management & Housing
Reflective Practice: Outreach & Engagement Identify What are specific engagement skills you can improve on during your interactions with participants during outreach? Think about “desirable characteristics of outreach workers.” Explain Describe important issues related to self-disclosure to a colleague or in group supervision, including an example where you were uncertain whether or not to disclose. Apply After identifying areas for improvement, begin to implement your engagement strategies. Discuss how it impacted your outreach encounters and share during supervision and/or with your peers.
6. Closing & Evaluations Anonymous Surveys: Put completed surveys in the folder
