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The Eye

Learn about the structure and function of the eye, including focusing lenses, the cornea, lens, pupil, and retina. Discover how color perception works and the impact of colorblindness. Explore vision correction methods and the difference between concave and convex lenses.

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The Eye

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  1. The Eye Function, Structure, Focus, Vision Correction

  2. Stare at bird for 30 s and look to left—what color is the ghost image?

  3. Stare at bird for 30 s and look to left—what color is the ghost image? • Cyan (blue light + green light) • Your red cone receptors are fatigued, so you only perceive cyan.

  4. The Eye and its Structure • Focusing lenses (double convex lens system) • Cornea (convex lens)--main focusing, fixed • Lens (convex lens)—fine focusing, adjusts • Pupil (light regulator) • Retina (back of eye) • Rod cells (senses intensity) • Cone cells (red, green and blue light receptors)

  5. Rods and Cones in the Retina • Retina (back of eye) • Rod cells (senses intensity) • Cone cells (red, green and blue light receptors

  6. Rods and Cones • http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/vision_background.html • http://webvision.med.utah.edu/photo1.html <>   <>                                                                   <>

  7. Colors:additive and subtractive • http://mysite.verizon.net/vzeoacw1/colorsub.html • http://mysite.verizon.net/vzeoacw1/coloradd.html

  8. The Eye and its Structure • Focusing lenses (double convex lens system) • Cornea (convex lens)--main focusing, fixed • Lens (convex lens)—fine focusing, adjusts • Pupil (light regulator) • Retina (back of eye) • Rod cells (senses intensity) • Cone cells (red, green and blue light receptors)

  9. Rods and Cones • http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/vision_background.html • http://webvision.med.utah.edu/photo1.html <>   <>                                                                   <>

  10. What is color? • When we see color, we are seeing specific frequencies of visible light • VISIBLE LIGHT IS ROYGBIV • Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet • For visible light • Red has the lowest frequency and longest wavelength • Violet has the highest frequency and shortest wavelength

  11. 28.2Color by Reflection • This square reflects all the colors illuminating it. In sunlight, it is white. When illuminated with blue light, it is blue. • This square absorbs all the colors illuminating it. In sunlight it is warmer than the white square.

  12. Why a shirt appears blue. • A blue shirt appears blue in white light because it reflects only blue and absorbs red and green (or the other colors) • A blue shirt appears black in red light because it absorbs red and reflects nothing. • A blue shirt appears blue in blue light because is reflects blue. • A white shirt appears blue in blue light because it can reflect blue light.

  13. Why a shirt appears blue. • A blue shirt appears blue in white light because it reflects only blue and absorbs red and green (or the other colors) • A blue shirt appears black in red light because it absorbs red and reflects nothing. • A blue shirt appears blue in blue light because is reflects blue. • A white shirt appears blue in blue light because it can reflect blue light.

  14. Colorblindness • Colorblindness is a deficiency in the number of red, green or blue cones (too few of one or more cone types). Colorblindness Normal vision http://www.toledo-bend.com/colorblind/aboutCB.html

  15. http://www.colblindor.com/2008/10/02/color-blindness-simulator-new-tool-released-on-colblindor/http://www.colblindor.com/2008/10/02/color-blindness-simulator-new-tool-released-on-colblindor/

  16. Better Eyes • http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/humanvision/accommodation/index.html

  17. Rods and Cones • http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/V/Vision.html

  18. What is color? • When we see color, we are seeing specific frequencies of visible light • VISIBLE LIGHT IS ROYGBIV • Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet • For visible light • Red has the lowest frequency and longest wavelength • Violet has the highest frequency and shortest wavelength

  19. 28.1The Color Spectrum When sunlight passes through a prism, it separates into a spectrum of all the colors of the rainbow. roygbiv

  20. The pupil regulates the intensity of light entering the eye Both the cornea and inner lens are convex (convergent) lenses The retina contains rod and cone cells that are photosensitive to different frequencies of visible light. Red-green-blue cone cells are the color receptors

  21. 30.6The Eye Inner lens moves to focus close up and far away images

  22. Concave lens Convex lens

  23. Vision correction Corrected by divergent (concave) lens Corrected by convergent (convex) lens

  24. Concave lens Convex lens http://www.ghi.com/yourhealth/encyclopedia/articles/color_blindness_basics.html http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/humanvision/accommodation/index.html

  25. CONCAVE AND CONVEX MIRRORS Convex mirror causes light rays to converge. Concave mirror causes light rays to diverge.

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