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Understanding the Eye: Structures and Functions

Learn about the essential structures of the eye such as the cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina, and optic nerve. Discover how each component plays a crucial role in vision and how they work together seamlessly. From capturing light to transmitting neural impulses to the brain, explore the intricate workings of the eye in detail.

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Understanding the Eye: Structures and Functions

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  1. The Eye Chapter 3

  2. The Eye • The eye is made up of several important structures (they are so important that you will need to know them for your test). • Cornea • Pupil • Iris • Lens • Retina

  3. Cornea • Captures light • Sensitive to touch, temperature and chemicals • A touch causes an involuntary closing of the eyelid Possibly the creepiest picture ever taken

  4. Pupil • Opening for light waves to enter the eye (by product of the Iris) • Appears black because the light is absorbed by tissues inside the eye Pupil

  5. Iris • Regulates the amount of light by controlling the size of the pupil • Because it is a muscle, it can atrophy and wear out. • The colored part of the eye Iris

  6. Lens • Focuses light, with the help of the iris, onto the retina. • Changes shape to help focus on objects at various distances. • Deals with nearsightedness and farsightedness.

  7. Lens

  8. The Retina • A thin layer of nerve fibers lining the inner area of the eye (Like the film on a camera). • If light entering the eye does not hit the retina, it will not be sensed. • Too much retinal pressure (glaucoma) can lead to blindness or a blown out retina.

  9. The Retina

  10. Blind spots • The hole in the back of the eye in which there are no cones or rods. • The hole is called the optic disk. • Each eye has one blind spot where the visual field is interrupted.

  11. Blind spots • Fortunately, your 2 eyes coordinate in such a way that they make up for the blind spot by working together. • A person that loses an eye will have a blind spot to deal with.

  12. Optic Nerve • The pathway from the eye to the brain for neural impulses. • Half of the fibers from each eye travel to each hemisphere of the brain. • Each eye is controlled by both sides of the brain. This works to synchronize your eyes.

  13. Optic Nerve

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