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Lesson 2: The 1950’s The Eisenhower Administration 1953-1961 Politics of Anticommunism

Lesson 2: The 1950’s The Eisenhower Administration 1953-1961 Politics of Anticommunism. Introduction. Modern Republicanism Dynamic Conservatism : responding to Americans ’ desire for stability Low - key , pragmatic non- ideological style of leadership.

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Lesson 2: The 1950’s The Eisenhower Administration 1953-1961 Politics of Anticommunism

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  1. Lesson 2: The 1950’s The Eisenhower Administration1953-1961Politics of Anticommunism

  2. Introduction • Modern Republicanism • DynamicConservatism: responding to Americans’ desire for stability • Low-key, pragmatic non-ideological style of leadership

  3. I. Eisenhower’sDynamicConservatism • Department of health • Department of Education and Social Welfare • Interstatehighway system: 41,000 miles of new highways (largest public worksproject in American history)

  4. A. Interstate Highway System • Eisenhower’s Interstate Highway Act of 1956: Connect major American cities… • Impact # 1 • Lots and Lots of jobs… • Easier to vacation… Road trips… • Disneyworld… • Makes suburbs practical

  5. I. Dynamic Conservatism Impact # 2 Migrating to the Sunbelt • Sunbelt States: states in the south and west • During the 1950’s Americans began to flock to these states Air Conditioning Lots of Jobs in South • Oil, Space, and Defense Industries • Major shift in political power

  6. I. DynamicConservatismB. The Middle Road Balance the Budget Lower Taxes End farm supports Keep Social Legislation End wage and pricecontrols

  7. II. Cold War Paranoia and the 2nd Red ScareCivil Defense Poster

  8. II. Cold War Paranoia and the 2nd Red Scare • People prepared by building bomb shelters in their homes Bomb Shelters

  9. Duck and Cover Drills in Schools: By-Product of Hysteria Duck and Cover Drills

  10. II. Cold War Paranoia and the 2nd Red Scare What if you were outside?

  11. II. Cold War Paranoia and the 2nd Red Scare • Fear of not Keeping up with the Russians • Space Race • 1957 Sputnik • NASA • National Defense and Education Act ( spending on math and science)

  12. II. Cold War Paranoia and the 2nd Red Scare • Conservatives were also concerned with: • Declining religious sentiment • Sexual freedom • Civil Rights

  13. II. Cold War Paranoia and the 2nd Red Scare • Alger Hiss Trial • Convicted5 years for perjury • Video: Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs 2’28

  14. II.ColdWar Paranoia and the 2nd Red Scare • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (1951) • Convicted of giving atomic secrets to the Soviets • Convicted of Treason and Executed!!! • Guilt not proved until the 1990’s Video: Killed for Believing in Communism 0 – 5’03

  15. II.ColdWar Paranoia and the 2nd Red Scare • HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) • went after Hollywood writers and directors who were suspected of being Communists • Richard Nixon led the investigations • Hollywood Ten: refused to answer questions (5th Amendment) Blacklisted

  16. II. Cold War Paranoia and the 2nd Red Scare • McCarthyism • Junior Senator from Wisconsin claimed to have a list of Communists in the gov’t • Went after people he suspected of being Communist • Made America even more paranoid • Whenaccused the US Army, losthiscredibility • Eisenhower and othersstayed out of hisway • Video: Better Dead than Red 6’

  17. -June 1949- What is the Washington Post cartoonist portraying in his drawing?

  18. Conclusion A. 1950’s Economic Boom and Prosperity • G.I. Bill enabled millions of vets to attend college, start businesses, buy homes • Election of 1952: Ended first phase of post-warera, endingperiod of DemocraticPresidents in office (FDR, Truman)

  19. Conclusion B. Eisenhower Legacy • Middle of the road course, pleasingneither right-wingersnorliberals liberals: failure to denounce McCarthy and racism conservatives: not repealingfair and new deals (Republicans in CongressblockedHealth Care bill (=socialism)

  20. Conclusion • Left office warning countrymen of the growing influence of military-industrialcomplex over US society • Anti-communismrhetoricsilenceddissenters and weakeneddemocraticliberalism • Video: Happy Daze 0 – 21’20

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