Proposed Joint Research Activity: Technologies for Advanced Instrumentation

1. Proposed Joint Research Activity:Technologies for Advanced Instrumentation Colin Cunningham

2. Need for R&D aimed at Instruments for VLT and the European ELT • As we move into the ELT era, there are significant challenges for ELT instruments and the next generation of instruments which will use the 8-10m telescopes to support the E-ELT • Instruments defined by the European and North American ELT studies tend to be large and ambitious • We must ensure that technologies are proven before they are adopted for these high-cost instruments

3. AO & Instrument R&D Flow

4. Basis • We propose to base the R&D and Networking activity on the successful FP6 JRAs: • JRA3 Fast Detectors • JRA5 Smart Focal Planes • JRA6 VPH Gratings • And add technologies identified and prioritised by Opticon KTN • Aim: • Develop and prove technologies required by next generation 8-10m telescope instruments and the European ELT • We suggest that this programme is set up in an inclusive manner, and includes those proposals directly relevant to instrumentation

5. Structure • Network • Including Industry • Joint Development programme • With overall budget and capability to move money between activities depending on progress and influences from telescope and instrument programmes and technology roadmap • Instrument test beds and facilities • Labs • WHT • AAO • GTC • VLT

6. Instrument Technologies Network • Subset of Key Technologies Network • Develop Roadmap • Generate project teams • Make proposals for joint developments • Publicise and work with other partners • Industry • Other research sectors

7. Instrument test beds and facilities • Develop common access to facilities for • Laboratory: optical, detector performance, materials at cryogenic temperatures, mechanical testing • On sky testing: Adaptive Optics, ADC, telescope interaction • Using facilities at William Herschel Telescope on La Palma, Anglo Australian Telescope, VLT and GTC

8. Technology Development and Instrument Design Studies • We propose to learn from the Smart Focal Plane JRA and the ELT Instrument Design Studies • Must ensure technology requirements and developments are specifically linked to the ELT instrument design studies and Science requirements • Structure with common PI and overlapping management teams would facilitate this • Systems engineering key component to ensure solid link of technology to requirements and clear goals for Technology Readiness Levels

9. Technology Themes • Smart Focal Planes • Adaptive Optics as part of the instrument (icw AO WPs) • MOAO • Cryogenic AO • Extreme Adaptive Optics for Exo Planets This topic is part of the AO proposal – we must ensure that a sensible joint approach is taken to ensure that the relevant AO and instrument expertise is engaged • Photonics • Detectors • Optical Elements & Spectrometer modules • Instrument Structures

10. Work Breakdown

11. Status of proposal • Objectives being developed through KTN technology roadmapping consultation process and ELT Design Studies • Large range of requirements and objectives proposed • Now need to cost and prioritise based on scientific priorities for future 8-10m instruments and the E-ELT instrument suite • Presentation here is outline of programme – detail will be developed over the summer as the E-ELT instrument programme is defined by the ESO project office, the Design Study teams and the community working groups

12. Theme1: Smart Focal Planes • Scope – take successful development work and prototypes from FP6 programme and build integrated demonstrator instrument • Objectives • Based on Instrument concept studies for E-ELT or VLT etc – as successfully done in FP6 Smart Focal Planes • Partners from UK ATC, LAM, Durham, CSEM, ASTRON, AAO, IAC, ESO etc • Contractors: Reflex, • Cost ~ €3M, similar to FP6

13. Current Status: Smart Focal Planes • Make best use of available wide FoV by multiobject and integral field spectroscopy • Provide alternative to fibre systems for cryogenic instruments AAO

14. Multi-object Spectroscopy

15. Multi-object Spectroscopy • Options: • Pickoffs feeding Integral Field Units and spectrometers • Slit exchangers or reconfigurable slits • Fibre positioners MOMFIS - LAM

16. KMOS for VLT UK ATC

17. Starbugs & Starpicker UK ATC, CSEM, Astron AAO

18. Cryogenic Active Mirror

19. Smart Instrument Suite

20. Programmable Slit Spectrometers: Shutter arrays NASA Goddard - JWST NIRSPEC

21. Programmable slits in Europe Principle of the micro-mirror array • Long slit mode • Surface quality < 15nm PtV 100 x 200µm Tilt accuracy: < 1 arcmin See Zamkotsian et al., 6273-63

22. JWST MIRI Image slicer

23. Replication of Slicers • Replication opens up the possibility of slicers that are low cost, consistent quality, reliably and quickly produced, with rms error down to 10nm • A programme of work is currently underway within the Smart Focal Planes programme to achieve this

24. Smart Focal Planes – next steps • Pick-off systems and beam manipulation • System integration • Verification of performance • Reliability engineering • Concept development • Technology Trade-off: Starbugs / Starpicker • Wireless starbugs • Integrated photonic modules • Integral Field Units – image slicers • Monolithic structures • Improved surface finish • Alternative materials • Replication- improved shape fidelity and finish

25. Smart Focal Planes – next steps • Slit Mechanisms • Develop 5x5 mirror prototype with drive electronics • Build simple demonstrator instrument • Develop and evaluate science case for slit-based IR spectrometer for ELT • Interest from chair of ELT Science working group

26. Smart Focal Plane & MOAO Demonstrator • We should develop a joint proposal with the AO team for an instrument based on Smart Focal Planes and Multi-Object Adaptive Optics • So far none of these technologies are proven by on-sky demonstrators

27. Theme2: Photonics • Scope: • Fibres • Photonics Fibres for thermal IR • Fibre Bragg Gratings for OH Suppression • Filters for OH Suppression • Photonic Instrument module concepts and tests • Laser combs for calibration of high stability, high spectral resolution spectrometers • Partners: AAO, LAM, UK ATC, Durham, ESO • Cost ~ €2M

28. Photonic OH Suppression Bland-Hawthorn(AAO) • Aims: • To suppress the OH/O2 night sky emission at 98% or better over z, J, H bands • To achieve this at high throughput (fibre insertion losses less than 10%) Bland-Hawthorn, AAO

29. Needs conversion from MM to SM with taper transition Bland-Hawthorn (2005)

30. J H FBG takes out 96% of OH background Bland-Hawthorn et al (2004)

31. Theme 3: Detectors • Scope: • Low cost HgCdTe on silicon • Fast APDs and CCDs • Partners: RAL/Oxford, QinetiQ, E2V, UK ATC, ESO, LOAG, MPE • Costs: need detailed evaluation on what could be done at reasonable cost

32. Theme 4: Optical Elements & Spectrometer modules • Scope: VPH gratings, immersion gratings, CGH devices, Large filter mosaics, ADCs , modular spectrometer designs • Partners: INAF, Industry, UK ATC, CRAL, Oxford etc • Cost ? • See presentation by Filippo Zerbi

33. Theme 5: Instrument Structures • Scope: Novel structural and optical materials, Active structures, internal metrology • Partners: IAC, LAM, UK ATC, industry • Cost; TBD

34. Stage-gate process

35. Access: Instrument test beds and facilities • Labs • Material properties at Cryogenic temperatures • Mechanical, thermal, optical • Some funding in place in Scottish Universities Physics Alliance • Detectors • Mechanism cryogenic test • WHT • AO and Instrument test bed • AAO • Instrument test bed – via Director’s discretionary time • GTC?, VLT? • Partners: UK ATC, Glasgow, ASTRON, IAC, Amsterdam • Cost: TBD

36. Management Structure • PI – Colin Cunningham (also WPM for ELT DS Instrument studies and chair of ESO Instrumentation Working Group) • Deputy – Sandro D’Odorico ? • Project Manager - TBD • Systems Engineer - TBD

37. Instrument Technologies: ROM Summary