Wireless Sensor Networks: Transforming the Physical World into Information

1. Wireless Sensor NetsTurning the Physical World into Information David Culler Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler

2. Number Crunching Data Storage productivity interactive Bell’s Law – new computer class per 10 years log (people per computer) streaming information to/from physical world • Enabled by technological opportunities • Smaller, more numerous and more intimately connected • Ushers in a new kind of application • Ultimately used in many ways not previously imagined year Sensor Net Day

3. Itanium2 (241M ) Actuation Sensing Communication Processing & Storage I SD Q SD baseband PLL filters mixer LNA Technology Push nearly a thousand 8086’s would fit in a modern microprocessor Sensor Net Day

4. Application Pull • Env. Monitoring, Conservation biology, ... • Precision agriculture, land conservation, ... • built environment comfort & efficiency ... • alarms, security, surveillance, treaty verification ... • Civil Engineering: structures response • condition-based maintenance • disaster management • urban terrain mapping & monitoring • Interactive Environments • context aware computing, non-verbal communication • handicap assistance • home/elder care • asset tracking • Integrated robotics CENS.ucla.edu Sensor Net Day

5. service data mgmt network system architecture The Systems Challenge Monitoring & Managing Spaces and Things applications Store Comm. uRobots actuate MEMS sensing Proc Power technology Miniature, low-power connections to the physical world Sensor Net Day

6. Services Networking TinyOS www.tinyos.net Rene 11/00 Mica 1/02 Dot 9/01 Demonstrate scale - Intel • Designed for experimentation • sensor boards • power boards • DARPA SENSIT, Expeditions NEST open exp. platform 128 KB code, 4 KB data 50 KB radio 512 KB Flash comm accelerators - DARPA NEST Open Experimental Platform to Catalyze a Community WeC 99 “Smart Rock” Small microcontroller - 8 kb code, - 512 B data Simple, low-power radio - 10 kb EEPROM (32 KB) Simple sensors Sensor Net Day Crossbow

7. reflector acoustic ultrasound ultrasound mag main mag sense dot power battery NEST Pursuer/Evader Mid Term Demo • Problem: detect vehicle entering sensitive area, track using magnetics, pursue and capture by UGV. • Components • 10x10 array of robust wireless, self-localizing sensors over 400 m2 area • Low cost, robust ‘mote’ device: magnetometer, microcontroller, radio network, ultrasonic transceiver • Evader: human controlled Rover • Pursuer: autonomous rover with mote, embedded PC, GPS • Operation • Nodes inter-range (Ultrasonic) and self localize from few anchors, correct for earth mag, go into low-power ‘sentry’ state • Detect entry and track evader • Local mag signal processing determines event and announces to neighbors • Neighborhood aggregates and estimates position • Network routes estimate from leader to tracker (multihop) • Pursuer enters and navigates to intercede • Motes detect and estimate multiple events • Route to mobile Pursuer node • Disambiguates events to form map • Closed inner-loop navigation control • Closed information-driven pursuit control • Capture when within one meter evader pursuer Sensor Net Day

8. Making it happen Tackle the new computer systems challenges due resource constraints, scale, & embedment • Fundamentally simpler, more robust software structures Demonstrate applications that show how it can change the way we do science and what we can shoot for. • Ecophysiology, conservation biology Demonstrate applications that show how it can change the way we do engineering • Structural response, condition based maintanance Deep collaboration between academia, industry, and government from the beginning Sensor Net Day