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Cell Structure and Cell Organisation

Cell Structure and Cell Organisation. What is cell?. Cell is the basic unit that build up organism. What do you call the structures in a cell?. The structures in a cell is called organelles. State the organelles in an animal cells.

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Cell Structure and Cell Organisation

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  1. Cell Structure and Cell Organisation

  2. What is cell? Cell is the basic unit that build up organism. What do you call the structures in a cell? The structures in a cell is called organelles. State the organelles in an animal cells. Cell membrane, mitochondrion, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, centriole, golgi apparatus.

  3. Animal Cell

  4. Plant Cell ch cw

  5. Plant Cell Chloroplast Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole Cell membrane Cell wall (made of cellulose)

  6. Nucleus

  7. Endoplasmic Reticulum

  8. Ribosome

  9. Golgi Apparatus

  10. Plasma membrane

  11. Mitochondrion

  12. Lysosome

  13. Centrioles

  14. Chloroplast

  15. Cell Wall

  16. Activity 2.1.2 Draw a table to list the functions of organelles in animal cells and plant cells.

  17. Task 2.1.2 Complete the below table to state the functions of each organelle.

  18. Activity 2.1.3 You have learnt about the cellular components of animal and plant cells. Now, carry out a discussion among your group to compare and contrast the structure of animal and plant cells. You can present your findings by using table.

  19. CORRECTIONS Similarities: Both animal cell and plant cell have a nucleus, a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. Differences:

  20. Unicellular Organisms How does a unicellular organism perform its living processes? • It depends on its cellular components which include the organelles.

  21. Specification/ Differentiation

  22. The density of organelles in specific cells Multicellular organisms are made up of many types of cells. The cells undergo specialisation to become specific in order to perform different function. Therefore, certain organelles are found abundantly in the specific cells. For example, pancreatic cells which synthesise and secrete enzymes and hormones contain a high density of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

  23. Cell organisation in multicellular organisms Cells Tissues Organs Organism Systems

  24. Example of cell organisation in digestive system in a human

  25. Cell organisation

  26. Cell organisation in mammals

  27. Cell organisation in plants Cells Tissues Organs Systems Permanent tissues Organism are Meristematic tissues Young, actively Dividing cells Mature tissues have are consist of haven’t Differention Differention have located at thin walls, large nuclei, dense cytoplasm, no vacuoles. epidermal tissues, ground tissues, vascular tissues. Tips of roots and buds of shoots

  28. Different types of cells in plants which have been undergone specialisation

  29. Plant cell types in tissues – Ground tissues • Parenchyma • “typical” plant cells = least specialized • photosynthetic cells, storage cells • tissue of leaves, stem, fruit, storage roots • Collenchyma • unevenly thickened primary walls = support • Sclerenchyma • very thick, “woody” secondary walls = support • rigid cells that can’t elongate •  dead at functional maturity

  30. Vascular tissue • Transports materials in roots, stems • & leaves • Xylem • -carry water & minerals up • from roots • tube-shaped dead cells • only their walls provide a system • of microscopic water pipes • Phloem • carry nutrients throughout plant • sugars (sucrose), amino acids… • tube-shaped living cells

  31. Regulating the internal environment Cells bathe in the internal environment which contain interstitial fluid. The internal environment must be regulated to maintain its level. Do you know why? The constant internal environment ensure the cells to function optimally. The process involves in maintaining the balance of internal environment is called …………………………. homeostasis Which type of mechanisms involves in homeostatic mechanism?

  32. The negative feedback mechanism The value rises above the set point Corrective mechanism Normal value (set point) Normal value (set point) The value drops below the set point Corrective mechanism

  33. Vacuole

  34. Sample Answer : Compare and contrast animal cell and plant cell

  35. Sample Answer: By giving appropriate examples, describe how different organelles work together to enable the cell to function in an orderly manner. Pancreas cell functions to produce enzyme. To produce enzyme, ribosome sends mRNA messenger to nucleus to copy DNA code. mRNA messenger returns to ribosome. Ribosome synthesise proteins based on the code. Proteins enters rough endoplasmic reticulum and is enclosed in vesicle. Vesicle with proteins fuses with Golgi apparatus. The proteins is modified to form specific enzyme. Then, the enzyme is enclosed in secretory vesicle. The secretory vesicle will fuse with plasma membrane and releases the enzyme out from the cell.

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