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Offshore Drilling

History of Offshore Drilling. First well drilled offshore :1897 off the coast of southern CaliforniaWooden pier extended 300' into the Pacific OceanEarly Barges and Platforms:Seismic surveys in the 1930's showed hydrocarbon formations in the marshlands, bayous and shallow bays next to the Gulf o

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Offshore Drilling

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    1. Offshore Drilling

    2. History of Offshore Drilling First well drilled offshore : 1897 off the coast of southern California Wooden pier extended 300’ into the Pacific Ocean Early Barges and Platforms: Seismic surveys in the 1930’s showed hydrocarbon formations in the marshlands, bayous and shallow bays next to the Gulf of Mexico. Oil companies dredged a 4’-8’ deep channel in marshes and bays then towed in a barge They sunk the barge and secured it using wooden pilings, then erected a rig on the deck above the waterline.

    3. History of Offshore Drilling Wooden Platforms Companies built wooden platforms on timber piles and erected rigs on top of the platforms Barges brought supplies out to the platform, or trestles were built from the shore to the platform creating a road for trucks to use.

    4. History of Offshore Drilling The first steel platform was built in 1947 and installed in the Gulf of Mexico at a water depth of 20’. Operators anchored surplus barges and tenders to the sides of the platform. Barges/tenders carried supplies, living quarters, and circulating equipment. These platforms worked in water depths of less than 60’, and moved from well to well.

    5. History of Offshore Drilling Mobile Offshore Drilling Rigs 1948 Naval architects and engineers designed a system consisting of a barge with several steel beams, or posts attached to its deck Drilling Equipment was installed on the deck When the rig arrived on location the lower part (barge hull) was allowed to fill with water in order to sink the rig to the sea floor The deck extended to the surface due to the posts attached to the barge Called: “Posted Barge Rigs”

    6. Offshore Drilling Today Moving further and deeper out to sea Justification to drill at greater depths Typical reserves needed for offshore/deepwater drilling is 300 million barrels to offset cost and produce desired revenues. Drilling rigs differ for exploration and development wells. Exploratory: typically have mobile offshore drilling units Development Wells: typically use fixed platforms with production and well maintenance facilities New technologies are allowing the use of non-fixed units for development purposes.

    7. Mobile Offshore Drilling Units Typically classified in two categories: Submersibles Floaters Submersibles: Supported by the sea floor Posted Barges Bottle-type submersibles Arctic submersibles Jackups Floaters: Float on or just below the surface of the water Bottle-type Semisubmersibles Column-Stabilized Semisubmersibles Drill Ships

    8. Submersibles

    9. Jackups http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K013XFkZNeA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-YCIQEwNR4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi5EPleIOoQ

    10. Floaters

    11. Semisubmersibles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LW1hbDC0mv8&feature=related Can be used anywhere especially in deepwater Rig is partially submerged to maintain stability

    12. Drill Ships http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yZEon4x7Sc&feature=related Faster to move than submersibles Have very deep operating depths Are more susceptible to weather conditions and wave dynamics.

    13. Offshore Drilling Platforms Rigid Platforms: typical water depths of less than 1000’ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh2tHUYKYik&feature=related Steel Jacket Platform Tubular steel members and piles driven deep into the sea floor support the rig floor and all supporting, drilling equipment and personnel. Concrete Gravity Platform Built from steel reinforced concrete caissons (columns) support the structure above and because of weight do not require anchoring to the sea floor.

    14. Steel Jacket Platform http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjzYQBtjv9U&feature=related

    15. Concrete Gravity Platform

    16. Steel Caisson Platforms Designed for arctic conditions, drilling is completed through the legs of the rig in order to protect it from moving ice.

    17. Compliant Platforms Guyed Tower Platforms (Spar) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYvUArgZaSk&feature=relmfu Tension Leg Platforms Topside resembles a semi submersible, but the hull is attached to the seafloor via steel tubes called tendons New designs can drill in waters 4000’ deep and more

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