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Safety of Electronic Equipment Safeguards to reduce harmful exposure to energy sources

ECMA-287. Safety of Electronic Equipment Safeguards to reduce harmful exposure to energy sources . Ecma TC12. Transfer Mechanism. Harmful Energy Source. ECMA-287 Hazard Based Safety Engineering (HBSE) Models. Harm Model Safety Model. Harmed Body Part. Harmful Energy Source. Safe

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Safety of Electronic Equipment Safeguards to reduce harmful exposure to energy sources

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  1. ECMA-287 Safety of Electronic EquipmentSafeguards to reduce harmful exposure to energy sources Ecma TC12 Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org

  2. Transfer Mechanism Harmful Energy Source ECMA-287 Hazard Based Safety Engineering (HBSE) Models • Harm Model • Safety Model Harmed Body Part Harmful Energy Source Safe Body Part Safeguards Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 2

  3. Hazard Based Safety Engineering Procedure • Procedure: • Identify Injury harm or hazards • Identify energy sources and energy transfer means • Specify safeguards: • Rationale (why), • Requirements (performance), • and function (what it does) • Specify criteria and/or construction parameters for conformance tests thatdemonstrate effectiveness. IDENTIFY ENERGY SOURCE IS ENERGY SOURCE No HAZARDOUS? Yes IDENTIFY MEANS BY WHICH ENERGY CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO A BODY PART Improve or add safeguards DESIGN SAFEGUARD THAT PREVENTS ENERGY TRANSFER TO A BODY PART MEASURE/TEST SAFEGUARD EFFECTIVENESS No IS SAFEGUARD EFFECTIVE? Yes DONE Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 3

  4. Hazard Based Safety Engineering Practices • HBSE Practices used for ECMA-287: • Risk Analysis and Field Experience review used to: • Develop Performance Based Criteria and • Acceptable Construction Criteria. • Hypotheses confirmed in laboratory tests • Note that Risk Analysis considers both the: • Event probability and • its consequences. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 4

  5. Hazard Based Safety Engineering Benefits • ECMA-287: • Eases the market introduction of new technology; • Unified standard for a broad range of products; • Minimises national or regional differences; • Increases Design Freedom; • Increases stability due to technology independence; • Provides rationale for basis of requirements; • Increases ‘User friendliness’ and usability due to (conformance based) type test nature • Useful for designers; • Suitable to assess conformance by suppliers, purchasers and certifiers (but NOT a certification document). Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 5

  6. ECMA-287 Justification • Former Product Safety standards: • Were too diverse: safety requirements differed widely due to emerge of „Multi-Media-Equipment“ products in the mid 90’s • Changed too frequently because: • design oriented rather than performance based • Maintenance cycles required for any technology evolution • Were not always based on sound engineering principles • Were lacking for some product families • Were difficult to use (Cross references) Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 6

  7. Broad Industry Participationin Ecma TC12 Note, VDE and SEMKO also contributed to the ECMA-287 development. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 7

  8. Hazard Based Safety StandardScope • ECMA-287 facts: • To large extent technology independent Safety Standard; • Scope is ICT and CE equipement rated less than 600 V rms; • Covers products currently under the scopes of IEC 60065 and 60950-X; • New safety standard (NOT a merger of IEC 60065 and 60950-1); • Ecma International Technical Committee 12 draft, based on IEC basic safety publications and HBSE (Hazard Based Safety Engineering) principles; • Freely and electronically available here: ECMA-287; • Contributed to IEC TC 108 for further elaboration. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 8

  9. HazardCategories • Hazard Categories: • Electric Shock • Fire • Burn • Mechanical • Chemical • Radiation Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 9

  10. Electric Shock HazardSubjects • Electric Shock Injury • Hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy sources (voltage/current/time/frequency, contact area, etc.) • Safeguards • Insulation Coordination (creepage, clearance, solid insulation) • Protective Earthing • Components, barriers, enclosures Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 10

  11. Fire HazardSubjects • Fire Hazards (property damage) • Define hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy sources (voltage, power, time, candle flame, etc.) • Safeguards • Component and material selection • Functional insulation • Barriers, separation, enclosures, etc. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 11

  12. Burn HazardSubjects • Burn Injury (high temperatures, molten metal, high frequency) • Hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy sources (temperature, heat transfer, time, contact area, etc.) • Safeguards • Component and material selection • Thermal insulation • Barriers, separation, enclosures, etc. Note: Chemical Hazards cover Burn injury from chemicals Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 12

  13. Mechanical HazardSubjects • Mechanical related injury • Sharp edges and corners • Hazardous moving parts • Implosion/Explosion • Instability • Integrity of mounting means • Safeguards • Components, barriers, separation, guards, enclosures Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 13

  14. Radiation HazardSubjects • Radiation related injury • Ionizing radiation • Non-ionizing radiation • Safeguards • ECMA-287 refers to existing IEC standards that address some aspects of non-ionizing radiation. • IEC is developing and standardising safeguards for other aspects of non-ionizing radiation. Ecma TC12 will consider referring those standards in future editions of ECMA-287. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 14

  15. Chemical HazardSubjects • Chemical related injury (burns, toxicity, explosion) • Hazardous and non-hazardous values. • Safeguards • Component and material selection • Containment, ventilation • Barriers, separation, etc. • Safeguard properties • Chemical resistance • Compatibility Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 15

  16. Section Format • Clause • States objective of clause • Defines limits between hazardous and non-hazardous • Specifies principal safeguards • Location of safeguard • Safeguard parameters • Safeguard parameter tests/construction • Specifies supplemental safeguards • Location of safeguard • Safeguard parameters • Safeguard parameter tests/construction Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 16

  17. Rue du Rhône 114 CH-1204 Geneva T: +41 22 849 6000 F: +41 22 849 6001 www.ecma-international.org Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 17

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