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Technical Services. https://www-ns.iaea.org/coordination/tso.asp?s=110&l=127. To identify the technical services needed within (or accessible to) the infrastructure for an effective implementation of regulatory program. Objective. Dosimetry services; Analytical services;
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Technical Services https://www-ns.iaea.org/coordination/tso.asp?s=110&l=127
To identify the technical services needed within (or accessible to) the infrastructure for an effective implementation of regulatory program. Objective
Dosimetry services; • Analytical services; • Calibration services; • Radioactive waste management services; • Training services; • Accreditation for services • Technical expertise. Contents
Essential technical services should be available: • to authorized radiation users; • to the Regulatory Body. Technical Services withinthe State; or through arrangements fromoutsidethe State.
Assessment of external and internal doses The accuracy and reliability of dosimetry service providers should be verified: Dosimetry Services • by the Regulatory Body; or • by an acceptable third-party organization (accreditation) Only those dosimetry service providersrecognized by the Regulatory Body should be authorized to provide services in the country.
exercise control over individual dose; Dosimetry Services (cont) Assessment of external and internal doses The purpose of monitoring is to: • identify abnormallyhigh doses; • identify changes inworking conditions; • identify poorworking practices; • providelegal evidence; • providesecurity and confidence in safety procedures.
Employers must: • make adequate arrangements with a recognized dosimetry service provider; Dosimetry Services (cont) • ensure that workers in controlled areas areindividually monitored; • undertake an assessment ofintake or committed doseif exposure to contamination is possible.
Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) • γ, X and β radiation Optically Stimulated Luminescent dosimeters (OSL) • γ, X and β radiation Film dosimeters • γ, X and β radiation Neutron dosimeters • neutron radiation only Assessment of Doses from External Radiation
Personal air sampler • airborne radioactive dust Whole body monitor • gamma emitting radioisotopes Thyroid monitoring • iodine radioisotopes Urine sampling - tritium Excreta sampling - actinides Assessment of Doses from Internal Radiation
The assessment of radiation dose by counting the number of damaged chromosomes in blood cells: Chromosome Aberration Analysis • is used only in high exposure situations; • provides conclusive results only where the dose is greater than 200 mSv.
Employers and licensees shall: • maintain exposure records for each monitored worker; Personal Dosimetry - Records • maintain recordsuntil the worker is aged 75, or at least until 30 years after finishing work; • keep recordsconfidential and secure; • provideaccessto records by: • workers (their own records); • the relevant employer; • Regulatory Body; • health surveillance professionals.
Analytical services should be able to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis capability for radiation measurements: Analytical Services • commensurate with the radiation safety needs of the country; and • recognizedby the Regulatory Body (possibly with external accreditation)
leak testing; • identification of radionuclides; • assessment of activity / activity concentration; Analytical Services (cont) Analytical services should be able to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis capability for radiation measurements, including: • testing of products / sources against national and international standards.
Calibration Services Calibration services should: • usestandardstraceable to recognized national and international standards (ISO, IEC, IAEA); • berecognized by the Regulatory Body (possibly with external accreditation). • Service providers should use the same criteria and similar protocols.
Radiation surveys / measurements are performed to: • verify safe working conditions; Calibration Services (cont) • confirm that sources are appropriately shielded; • check that area classifications are satisfactory; • maintain control of contamination; • satisfy regulatory requirements. Radiation monitors must be calibrated regularly.
Types of instruments • dose and / or dose rate; • surface contamination; • airborne contamination; • medical QA equipment. Use of Survey Instruments Calibration and testing • pre-use; • at suitable (or prescribed) intervals; • record of results of test; • performed by qualified person.
Radioactive waste management facilities Waste Management • Long term storage and / or disposal; • Within the State or available through arrangements outside the State.
in accordance with GSR Part 3 and Regulatory Body requirements • based on health surveillance Programs. Health Surveillance of Workers Medical supervision intended to ensure the initial and continuous fitness of workers for their intended task.
Training services for radiation users: • must satisfy the needs described in the users’ radiation protection program; and Training Services • may need to berecognized by the Regulatory Body (possibly with external accreditation).
Need to provide different levels of training e.g. • users, technicians; • Radiation Protection Officers; • qualified experts; • line managers, employers. • Formal qualifications may be required. Training Services (cont)
Expert Assistance • to support investigations by Regulatory Body staff, and • to advise users of radiation. Expert assistance may be required:
Consultants • should be effectively independent of the operator. Expert Assistance (cont) • shall not relieve the Regulatory Body of any of itsresponsibilities. The Regulatory Body’s responsibility for making decisions and recommendations shallnot be delegated.
Advisory bodies: • may be formally created by Government or by the Regulatory Body; Expert Assistance (cont) • are established either on a temporary or permanent basis to giveindependent expert opinion or advice(e.g on technical or ethical issues). The Regulatory Body’s responsibility for making decisions and recommendations shallnot be delegated.
References • IAEA, Occupational Radiation Protection, Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.1, Vienna (1999). • IAEA, Assessment of Occupational Exposure Due to Intakes of Radionuclides, Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.2, Vienna (1999). • IAEA, Assessment of Occupational Exposure Due to External Sources of Radiation, Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.3, Vienna (1999). • IAEA, Calibration of Radiation Monitoring Instruments, Safety Report Series No. 16, Vienna (2000). • IAEA, Establishing a National System for Radioactive Waste Management, Safety Series No. 111-S-1, Vienna (1995). • IAEA, Use of External Experts by the Regulatory Body, General Safety Guide, No. GSG-4, Vienna (2013)
Recommended reading https://gnssn.iaea.org/meetings/tsoconf2014/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx