The Northwest Passage: Competition Over North American Land Claims

1. Spain vs. England How Competition Over North American Land Claims Lead To War At Sea

2. The Northwest Passage • After Spanish Explorers Sent news of North and South America back to Europe, many other countries searched for the Northwest Passage, or a water route through North america to asia.

3. Explorers Who Tried to find the Northwest passage • Henry Hudson • Giovanni Verrazzano • Jacques Cartier

4. Fort Caroline

5. Elizabeth I • A Protestant who took the english throne when her sister, Queen Mary, died • Separated from the Catholic church and established the Church of England, which practiced Protestantism • Fought Spain to keep England independent and Protestant

6. English Sea Dogs • England’s navy was small compared to Spain’s • Ships were smaller in size but much faster than the Spanish galleon. • Elizabeth authorized ships’ captains, known as sea dogs, to attack galleons at sea • Sir Francis Drake and others raided Spanish ports and robbed Spanish ships of gold and other treasures

7. Defeat of the Spanish Armada • King Phillip of Spain sent his navy, known as the Spanish Armada, to teach the English a lesson • Defeated by the English Navy in the English Channel in the Summer of 1588

8. Effects of English victory over spain • 1. Ensured that England would remain independent and Protestant. • 2. World saw that Spain could be beaten.

9. More European Competition in North America • In 1608, Samuel Champlain established the fur-trading post of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River, which was the first permanent French settlement in North America • Dutch established New Netherland along the Hudson River in what we now know as New York • Fort Nassau – Albany • New Amsterdam – New York City