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Reconstruction

Reconstruction. Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Congress’ Plan – Wade-Davis Bill Assassination Johnson – background / his reconstruction plan 40 Acres and a Mule 13 th Amendment – representation / South / Black Codes Civil Rights Act – veto – repassed ( Congr ) p. 429 quote – . HOMEWORK:

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Reconstruction

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  1. Reconstruction • Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan • Congress’ Plan – Wade-Davis Bill • Assassination • Johnson – background / his reconstruction plan • 40 Acres and a Mule • 13th Amendment – representation / South / Black Codes • Civil Rights Act – veto – repassed (Congr) • p. 429 quote – • HOMEWORK: • Continue reading Chapter: • 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, and 16.6 “the radicals were in effect demanding not merely equal rights for freedmen but extra rights”

  2. Lincoln’s plan: Congress’ plan: • amnesty if swore allegiance and accepted federal law • 10% of population had to swear allegiance • Wade – Davis Bill: • Abolish slavery • Majority take an oath • Radical Republicans

  3. So what happens? • Lincoln vetoed Congress’ bill • Lincoln gets shot!

  4. 13th Amendment is passed • Ends slavery – creates citizens • (3/5 compromise no longer works) • Potential for many new voters (who could out-vote the North or significantly change the South)

  5. Andrew Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction • Blanket pardon of confederate office holders • States had to: • Nullify acts of secession • abolish slavery • not pay confederate government debts • Confederate leaders became legal leaders! • 13th amendment (Congress) • Abolished slavery

  6. Johnson in Action • Freedman’s Bureau • Johnson vetoed it! • Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Johnson vetoed it! • 14th amendment – states had to extend equal citizenship to African Americans and all people born or naturalized in the US

  7. What were the provisions and impact of the 14th Amendment? • State power is diminished • Freed slaves are granted rights • Women question… • Women’s suffrage

  8. Review the history of conflict between President Johnson and Radical Republican Congress; include specifics of their conflicts. This raises some interesting questions about the separation of powers and checks and balances… • How willing was Johnson to make accommodations / protect freed slaves? • 40 Acres and a Mule • Freedman’s Bureau • 1866 Congressional Elections dominated by Radical Republicans • Civil Rights Act* • Reconstruction Acts*

  9. Johnson vs. Congressthere can be only one • Who was right in the issue over the dismissal of Stanton and the passage of the Tenure of Office Act? • Result of the conflict / trial?

  10. “This is a White Man’s Government”“We regard the Reconstruction Acts (so called) of Congress as usurpations, and unconstitutional, revolutionary, and void” – Democratic Platform

  11. U.S. Grant is elected president shortly after the trial • 500,000 black votes • Has enough been done to protect freed slaves? • Poll taxes • Grandfather clauses • Literacy tests • 15th Amendment – “the rights of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of race, color, or previous servitude” • Credit Mobilier / Whiskey Ring

  12. Describe the accomplishments and failures of “black” or Congressional Reconstruction? • Scalawags • Carpetbaggers • Quality of Recon govs in general? • Who is capable of effective voting? • Hamilton

  13. Reality of Reconstruction:

  14. SUITABLE PUNISHMENTS FOR THE FOLLOWING “TRANSGRESSIONS”? • stand in the way of white ladies • The negro would not allow him to whip him • Stephen's two sons had left the plantation without permission • dispute about the price of a turkey • too long eating his breakfast.

  15. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT: • Plans Stanley (col.) while quietly standing near the church just after the services were over was rushed upon and stabbed severely in the left arm by Frank Sterling (white) who said "God Damn your black soul I will learn you to stand in the way of white ladies.“ Date November 26' 1865. East Liberty. • Esom Wood (white) living in Danville, Montgomery Co. killed a negro stock tender named _________ by shooting him with a pistol. Cause. The negro wouldnot allow him to whip him. Done November 18' 1865. • Jerome deBlanc planter in Liberty Co. handcuffed Stephen Bryant (col.) and wife, then brutally struck and kicked them because Stephen's two sons had left the plantation without permission. De Blanc also tied up and beat the freedman Linns because he refused to contract. Date August 1865. • Wm. Freeman (white) whipped Charles a freedman and fired on Abe the brother of Charles who warned him to desist and drove them both off without pay. Cause dispute about the price of a turkey. Date November 1865. Fort Bend Co. • McCoy (white) assaulted and seriously injured a freedman named Ned Hernder striking him with a bar of iron. Cause. Said he was too long eating his breakfast. Date January 25' 1866. Brazonia Co.

  16. South After the War • No infrastructure • No crops • Lots of “workers” • No cities • Lots of disease and illness

  17. How did the end of slavery affect the economy and changes in labor relations? • SHARECROPPING (contract) • CROP – LIEN SYSTEM • N / S Relations

  18. As the years went on, why was the North becoming more unwilling to intervene in black affairs in the South?

  19. Explain the circumstances leading to the Compromise of 1877.

  20. “The unpopular ideas and causes of one period often gain popularity and support in another, but the ultimate price of success is usually the alteration or subversion of the original ideas and programs” For the period 1830-1877, apply and discuss this statement with references to both (a) the ideas and activities of abolitionism; and (b) the policies of the Republican party.

  21. Explain how Republicans’ motives were mixed in carrying out Reconstruction. • Moderate • Radical • Liberal

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