GJ 581 a distant relative to the Solar System

GJ 581 a distant relative to the Solar System Pablo Ramírez MoretaFísica del Sistema SolarMáster en Astrofísica UCM-UAM Gliese 581f Gliese 581d Gliese 581c Gliese 581b Gliese 581g Gliese 581e Earth

GJ 581 – Relevant Introductory Data

GJ 581 – Relevant Introductory Data Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf M5 V C 0.31 MO 0.29 RO mV = 10.55 variable of BY Dra type 8 Ga 3500 K 6.2 pc

Bonfils et. al (2005) FRA GJ 581 – Relevant Introductory Data Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf M5 V C 0.31 MO 0.29 RO mV = 10.55 variable of BY Dra type 8 Ga 3500 K 6.2 pc

Bonfils et. al (2005) FRA Udry et. al (2007) GJ 581 – Relevant Introductory Data SWZ Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf M5 V C 0.31 MO 0.29 RO mV = 10.55 variable of BY Dra type 8 Ga 3500 K 6.2 pc

Bonfils et. al (2005) Mayor et. al (2009) FRA Udry et. al (2007) GJ 581 – Relevant Introductory Data SWZ FRA Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf M5 V C 0.31 MO 0.29 RO mV = 10.55 variable of BY Dra type 8 Ga 3500 K 6.2 pc

Bonfils et. al (2005) Mayor et. al (2009) ? FRA Udry et. al (2007) GJ 581 – Relevant Introductory Data SWZ FRA Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf M5 V C 0.31 MO 0.29 RO mV = 10.55 variable of BY Dra type 8 Ga 3500 K 6.2 pc

GJ 581 – Exoplanets Detection Method Radial Velocity measurements (RV) Doppler Spectroscopy (DS) HARPS High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher 3.6 m telescope of La Silla Observatory, Chile (2003 - today) PI: Michel Mayor

GJ 581 – Exoplanets Detection Method Radial Velocity measurements (RV) Mayor et al. (2009) Forveille et al. (2011) e b d c

Parameter: planetary distances PHL – UPR Arecibo GJ 581 – Exoplanetary System vs Solar System (1)

Parameter: planetary distances PHL – UPR Arecibo GJ 581 – Exoplanetary System vs Solar System (1) Hot Z. HZ Cold Z.

Parameter: planetary conditions ( = in the HZ ) Earth like ≥ 1.9 ME a = 0.03 AU e = 0 Porb ≈ 3.15 d GJ581 e GJ 581 – Exoplanetary System vs Solar System (2) ≈ 3.5 ME a = 0.14 AU e = ? Porb ≈ 36.65 d GJ581 g low eccentricity ≥ 5.3 ME a = 0.07 AU e = 0.07 Porb ≈ 12.91 d GJ581 c fast translation ≈ 7.0 ME a = 0.75 AU e = ? Porb ≈ 433 d GJ581 f  3.5s ≥ 7.1 ME a = 0.22 AU e = 0.25 Porb ≈ 66.64 d GJ581 d ≥ 15.6 ME a = 0.04 AU e = 0.03 Porb ≈ 5.36 d Neptune like GJ581 b

Parameter: planetary conditions Earth like unlikely existence of gaseous atmosphere GJ581 e ≥ 1.9 ME GJ 581 – Exoplanetary System vs Solar System (2) GJ581 g ≈ 3.5 ME Climatic Models Greenhouse Effect + Albedo + Temperature + CO2 cycle possible gaseous atmosphere + liquid water on surface GJ581 c ≥ 5.3 ME GJ581 f ≈ 7.0 ME GJ581 d ≥ 7.1 ME Chylek and Pérez (2007) Neptune like GJ581 b ≥ 15.6 ME (MNept = 17.1 ME)

Parameter: resemblance to Earth GJ 581 – Exoplanetary System vs Solar System (3) Earth Similarity Index Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) Méndez (2011)

Parameter: resemblance to Earth GJ 581 – Exoplanetary System vs Solar System (3) Earth Similarity Index Kepler candidates Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) Méndez (2011)

The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (updated January 19th 2012) Statistics : 591 planetary systems / 726 planets / 88 multiple planet systems But… GJ 581 fand GJ 581 g can NOT be found. GJ 581 –So, what about GJ 581 f and GJ 581 g ?

The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (updated January 19th 2012) Statistics : 591 planetary systems / 726 planets / 88 multiple planet systems But… GJ 581 fand GJ 581 g can NOT be found. GJ 581 –So, what about GJ 581 f and GJ 581 g ? Forveille et al. 2011 – The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXII. Only 4 planets in the Gl 581 system. GJ 581 g GJ 581 f Forveille et al. (2011)

The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (updated January 19th 2012) Statistics : 591 planetary systems / 726 planets / 88 multiple planet systems But… GJ 581 fand GJ 581 g can NOT be found. GJ 581 –So, what about GJ 581 f and GJ 581 g ? Forveille et al. 2011 – The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXII. Only 4 planets in the Gl 581 system. GJ 581 g GJ 581 f no evidence of the expected ±1.3m/s signal 2(6 planet model) = 4.54 >> 2(4 planet model) = 2.57 (Vogt et al. 2010) Forveille et al. (2011) exclude GJ 581 f and GJ 581 g with their current parameters (from Vogt et al. 2010) Forveille et al. (2011)

As of now: 4 planets accepted (e, b, c, d) • Suspicions of more, but they need to be confirmed with accurate data: precise periodograms, residuals, etc. • Likely life bearers…? • Kepler telescope, new • planetary system models, etc. • Increase on the number • of rocky exoplanets (Kepler), limit? GJ 581 – Conclusions and future expectations

? wtf…? GJ 581 – Boasters and wild theories

? GJ 581 – Boasters and wild theories

Chylek and Pérez A&A manuscript Feb 1st 2008 - Considerations for the habitable zone of super-Earth planets in Gliese 581. • Forveille et al. A&A manuscript, Sept. 12th 2011 - The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXII: Only 4 planets in the Gl 581 system. • Mayor et al. A&A 507 487 - The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XVIII: An Earth-mass planet in the Gl 581 planetary system. • Schulze-Makuch et al. 2011 - A Two-Tiered Approach to Assess the Habitability of Exoplanets. • Vogt et al. ApJ. 723:954 - The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: a 3.1Mo planet in the Habitable Zone of the nearby M3V star Gliese 581. • von Bloh et al. A&A manuscript, Feb 24th 2011 - Habitability of the Goldilocks planet Gliese 581g. Results from geodynamic models. • von Braun et al. arXiv:1102.0237v1 – Astrophysical parameters and Habitable Zone of the exoplanet hosting star GJ 581. • Planetary Habitability Laboratory. UPR Arecibo. GJ 581 – References

GJ 581 a distant relative to the Solar System Thank you! Pablo Ramírez Moreta Física del Sistema Solar – Máster en Astrofísica UCM-UAM

GJ 581 a distant relative to the Solar System