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Julio Medal 1 , Bill Overholt 1 , Nikary Bustamante 1 ,

Implementation of Biological Control of Tropical Soda Apple. Julio Medal 1 , Bill Overholt 1 , Nikary Bustamante 1 , Rodrigo Díaz 1 , Philip Stansly 1 , Amy Roda 2 , Divina Amalin 2 Richard Gaskalla 3 , Ken Hibbard 3 , Brent Sellers 1 , Stephen Hight 4 , & James Cuda 1

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Julio Medal 1 , Bill Overholt 1 , Nikary Bustamante 1 ,

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  1. Implementation of Biological Control of Tropical Soda Apple Julio Medal1, Bill Overholt1, Nikary Bustamante1, Rodrigo Díaz1, Philip Stansly1, Amy Roda2, Divina Amalin2 Richard Gaskalla3, Ken Hibbard3, Brent Sellers1, Stephen Hight4, & James Cuda1 1University of Florida 2USDA-APHIS 3FDACS-DPI 4USDA-ARS

  2. Tropical Soda Apple, Solanum viarum (Family: Solanaceae) -Native to South America (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay) -First found in Florida in 1988 ->1 million acres in 11 states

  3. States infested (green) with Tropical Soda Apple

  4. Osceola County Hendry County Brazil Argentina

  5. Gratiana boliviana Adult Egg Larva Pupa

  6. Florida counties where beetles have been released (green)

  7. Okeechobee County June 02, 2005Beetles Released July 7, 2005After Beetles Released August 23, 2007 After Beetles Released

  8. Polk County May 2003 June 2007

  9. Sumter County August 15, 2005Before Beetles Released August 14, 2007After BeetlesReleased

  10. Sumter County June 2006 June 2007

  11. Okeechobee County May 18, 2006Beetles Released August 23, 2007After Beetles Released

  12. Post Release Evaluations in Florida -Monitoring -Mark plants and quadrants at each location -Changes in the target weed and Biocontrol agent recorded

  13. Additional Biocontrol AgentsMetriona elatior Adult Eggs Larva

  14. Additional Biocontrol AgentsGratiana graminea Adult Egg Larva Pupa

  15. Additional Biocontrol AgentsAnthonomus tenebrosus Egg Adult

  16. Open Field Experiment in Brazil with Platyphora sp. (Family: Chrysomelidae) Platyphora sp. TSA, eggplant, potato,pepper, tomato

  17. Brazilian Collaborators

  18. Plans For 2008 • Increase Beetle Production • Additional Field Releases • Continue Post-Release Evaluations • Conclude Field-Tests in Brazil with an additional Agent (Platyphora sp.)

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