The era of Good Feelings

1. The era of Good Feelings • 1817-1825

2. Spirit of Nationalism in US • patriotism or national oneness • Country is united, confident, and growing • 1791-1819, 9 states joined the original 13. • National Bank • Jackson’s invasion of FL • Adams’s assertive diplomacy • One political party---Republican party • Respect from Europe • Monroe first president to visit all states. • Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good Feelings” had began. • But, time period was not free of problems.

3. Cultural Nationalism • Patriotic themes infused every aspect of American society from books and paintings of Revolutionary heroes to Noah Webster’s blue-backed speller that promoted patriotism • Economic Nationalism • Running parallel with cultural nationalism was a political movement to support the growth of the nation’s economy--------AMERICAN SYSTEM • Political Nationalism • Movement to bring about the support for national government over the states. Supreme court decisions support the concept of national government over the states.

4. Election of 1816

5. Election of 1820

6. James Monroe • 1817-1825

7. The Westward Push

8. Reasons for Westward Movement • Population shift from the east to the West • Acquisition of Native Americans’ lands • Land easy to obtain • Economic pressures • Improved transportation • Immigration

9. Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) • Naval Disarmament between Great Britain and the US on the Great Lakes Richard Rush

10. The Convention of 1818

11. Convention of 1818 • Joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for 10 years • Northern boundary of the LA Territory set at the 49th parallel • Shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland

12. Andrew jackson & Expansion • August 1814: Treaty of Fort Jackson • Creeks (including allies) forced to give 22 million acres • Cherokee land included • Treaty of Ghent • land would be returned to Indians • Jackson refused; Madison didn’t want to cross popular hero • Many Creeks move into FL

13. Jackson & FL • Seminole Indians, runaway slaves and white outlaws conducted raids into US territory and retreated to safety into FL • Dec 1817 • Jackson ordered to cross into FL and attack Seminoles but no Spanish forts even if housed Seminoles

14. First Seminole War 1817-18

15. Jackson & FL • Sec. of War Calhoun wanted Jackson court martialed • Sec. of State J. Q. Adams (in Spain) supported Jackson • Use Jackson’s action to his advantage to get Spain to sell FL • Brits don’t press issue (trade) • Speaker of the House Clay introduces censure motion in Congress

16. Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) • Spain agreed: • to give all of FL to US • on border of CA • US agreed: • to pay $5 million • to give up territorial claim to Texas

18. US Population Density 1810 1820

19. Monroe’s Presidency • Continued Madison’s programs and policy • Tariff • Internal improvements (with amendment) • Sought to be president for all ppl • End party divisions • Problem: • All ambitious politicians joined the Republican party

20. Nationalism • Required country to become economically integrated in order to avoid regional conflicts • The American System • 2nd Bank of the US • Tariff of 1816 • Internal Improvements at federal Expense • National Road

22. New Roads & Canals • National Road: From Cumberland, VA to Illinois

23. Erie Canal: funded by New York State

24. Started a canal building boom

26. SECTIONALISM U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest. • SOUTH • Cotton-growingJohn C. Calhoun • _______________ • Opposed tariffs and government spending on American System • Increasingly supportive of states’ rights • Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it. • WEST • Frontier agricultureHenry Clay • ______________ • Supported internal improvements and American System. • Wanted cheap land • Loyal to the U.S. Govt. • Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue • NORTHEAST • Business and ManufacturingDaniel Webster_______________ • Wanted Tariffs • Backed internal improvements • End to cheap public land • Increasingly nationalistic • Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it. EconomyLeader ____________ Role ofGovernment

27. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES • NORTHEAST • Business and ManufacturingDaniel Webster____________ • Wanted Tariffs • Backed internal improvements • Wanted end to cheap public land • Increasingly nationalistic • Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it. EconomyLeader __________ Role ofGovernment

28. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES • SOUTH • Cotton growing • John C. Calhoun • _____________ • Opposed tariffs and government spending on American System • Increasingly supportive of states’ rights • Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it. EconomyLeader __________ Role ofGovernment

29. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES • WEST • Frontier agriculture • Henry Clay • _____________ • Supported internal improvements • Wanted cheap land • Loyal to the U.S. Govt. • Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue EconomyLeader __________ Role ofGovernment

30. Slavery and Missouri • 1st piece of LA Territory to apply for statehood • Threatened balance of power in Senate (11 free/11 slave) • The Tallmadge Amendment • prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri • All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. • Passed by the House, not in the Senate. • The North controlled the House, and the South had enough power to block it in the Senate. • Seen by Southerners as attempt to deprive white ppl of Missouri of their constitutional equality

32. Missouri Compromise • Henry Clay won majority support for 3 bills • Missouri to be admitted as a slave state • Maine to be admitted as a free state • In the rest of LA Territory north of latitude 36 30’, slavery prohibited

34. Impact of the Compromise • No emancipation against the wish of white majority • States to be admitted in pairs • The breakup of Republican party along sectional lines • Senate became more powerful • Enhanced reputation of Henry Clay • Southern solidarity

35. Southern Fears • Prospect of North uniting and using greater pop. to force a resolution to slavery problem upon the South • threatened emancipation • united North could use its power to promote its economic interests • stronger federal govt = the greater the potential danger if it fell under hostile northern control

38. Claimed by the US, Great Britain and Russia • Russia was claiming California too

40. Monroe Doctrine • Russia, France, Austria and Prussia • against republics and democracies • Would they help Spain? • Joint US-British warning to European powers not to intervene in SOuth America?

41. JQA: We should go it alone • Joint action would limit US expansion in hemisphere in future • IF US acts alone, Britain would stand behind the US policy • No European power would go to war in S.A.. British navy would defeat them. • Monroe agreed with Adams

42. Monroe Doctrine (1823) • European powers not tin interfere with “American continents” • “by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power.”

43. Monroe Doctrine • Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine. • It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and isolationist policies. • Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe US recognized existing European Colonies US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere No European Colonization in the Americas US will stay out of European affairs

44. Election of 1824:The “Corrupt Bargain”

45. Election goes to the House

46. The Corrupt Bargain • SOH Clay backs Adams • House elects Adams • Adams appoints Clay as Sec. of State • Jackson supporters cry “corrupt bargain”

47. John Q. Adams(1825-1829) • One of the hardest workers and intellectuals ever in W.H. • Promoted manufacturing, agriculture, arts, literature and science • Lacked the “common touch” • Refused to play politics