OLD KINGDOM

1. OLD KINGDOM Time: 2650 BC – 2150 BC # of dynasties 4 Accomplishments: Pyramid building Strong Central Government Strong Economy Stronger Arts

2. 1st ILLNESS Time: 2150 BC – 2040 BC # of dynasties: 4 Reasons for collapse of Old Kingdom: 1)Collapse of central government and increase of independent provinces after reign of Pepi II (90’s) Normarchs looked to have gained power as Pepi aged and he could not prevent their rise, so they challenged central power 2)Climate Changes resulting in a decrease of the Nile's flooding, this had a huge impact on society central government was unable to deal with the results of this change – power of pharaoh Nomarchs /other local rulers came up with a solutions to best irrigate their own territory

3. MIDDLE KINGDOM Time: 2040 BC – 1640 BC # of dynasties: 3 Accomplishments: Pharaohs power -weakened nomarchs Nile flooded better Re-United Egypt -Mentuhotep II (2nd founder) Building Campaign Stronger Economy Commoners had afterlife

4. 2nd ILLNESS Time: 1640 BC – 1550 BC # of dynasties: 4 Reasons for fall of Middle Kingdom: 1)Division and Weakening of Egypt Lower Egypt (Nile Delta area) governed by “foreign born” leaders 2)Invasion by Hyksos allowed Pharaohs to continue ruling – more concerned with “Tribute” a)bronze b)war from chariots c)better bow/arrow d) Nationalism e)new spinning/weaving These helped Egypt “modernize”

5. NEW KINGDOM Time: 1550 BC – 1070 BC # of dynasties: 12 Accomplishments: 1)King Ahmose kicked Hyksos out of Egypt 2)Re-United Egypt 3)Very militaristic 4)Empire building 5)Extreme wealth/prosperity 6)Massive building campaign

6. NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS Thutmose I -- 1520 BC – 1492 BC expanded Egyptian borders ”Hammer of the Nubians” -hung the Nubian king from prow of his ship 1st to have tomb in “Valley of the Kings” Queen Hatshepsut – 1518 BC – 1484 BC possibly 1st Female pharaoh dressed like a man – wore beard increased trade/economy avoided war tremendous building program

7. NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS Thutmose III – 1479 BC – 1425 BC ”Napoleon of Egypt” Egyptian Empire reached its largest pierced ears Akhenaton – 1352 BC – 1334 BC ”Heretic King” – changed religion to monotheism -Aton was only god looked like a female everything associated with Akhenaton was destroyed after his death

8. NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS Tutankamen (King Tut) – 1333 BC – 1325 BC ”Boy King” (age 9) Re-Established polytheism 1922 – Howard Carter found his tomb ”Curse of King Tut”

9. “King Tut” Solid Gold 2500 lbs $13 million

10. NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS Ramses II (“the Great) – 1279 BC – 1213 BC ruled 67 years 150 - 160 children tremendous builder (Abu Simbel) consumed with his “legacy” (Master of Political Spin) -Battle of Kadesh (political spin) >v. Hittites (iron / 3 man chariots) >Official version – TIE >Ramses version – RAMSES WON -had monuments built inscribed with him winning -no contrary sources after death, gradual fall of Egyptian control overextended, revolts, immorality/corruption

12. Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

13. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

14. Egyptian Math What number is this?

15. EGYPTIAN SOCIETY