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Cell Movement and Transport

Cell Movement and Transport. How cells move and how they maintain homeostasis. Flagella are tail-like attachments of cells Found on bacterial cells, some protistan cells, sperm cells Allows certain cells to move through a liquid substance

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Cell Movement and Transport

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  1. Cell Movement and Transport How cells move and how they maintain homeostasis

  2. Flagella are tail-like attachments of cells • Found on bacterial cells, some protistan cells, sperm cells • Allows certain cells to move through a liquid substance • http://svj8dfc.edu.glogster.com/cytoskeleton-cilia-flagella/ Flagella

  3. Tiny hair-like projections of the cell membrane that allow cells to move or “sweep” debris away • EX. Some protistan cells; the cells that line the respiratory tracts of animals • http://rookc.pbworks.com/w/page/46197520/Paramecium Cilia

  4. Transport across the Membrane How does the cell maintain homeostasis?

  5. Controls what enters and leaves the cell. • It is the #1 structure needed to maintain cell homeostasis. • The primary component of the cell membrane are phospholipids; second in number are membrane proteins. Cell Membrane

  6. In a solution, there are two components: solute(s) and a solvent • Solutes are the substances being dissolved in the solution (i.e. salt, sugar, etc.) • Solvent is the substance the solutes are placed in to be dissolved. WATER!!! Solute vs. Solvent

  7. DIFFUSION IS THE KEY WORD • Requires no ATP (energy) • Simple Diffusion: Molecules of a substance (NOT WATER) move from the area they are of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration DIRECTLY THROUGH the phospholipid bilayer. • EX.GASES & LIPID SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES Passive Transport

  8. Diffusion

  9. DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!!! • Small polar molecules (OTHER THAN WATER) cannot pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer • They still move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, but need HELP from a transport PROTEIN • Ex. GLUCOSE, AMINO ACIDS (WATER SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES) FACILITATED DIFFUSION

  10. Facilitated diffusion requires a protein, but still DOES NOT require energy • The molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration Facilitated Diffusion

  11. DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY!!! • The movement (diffusion) of WATER from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. • ONLY WATER, NOTHING ELSE. • Water, although polar, can pass DIRECTLY THROUGH the phospholipid bilayer. Osmosis

  12. Isotonic: The concentration of the solute molecule in question is equal inside and outside the cell. • Hypertonic: The concentration of the solute molecule is in higher concentration in the solution outside the cell. • Hypotonic: The concentration of the solute molecule is in lower concentration on the solution outside the cell. Osmotic Solutions

  13. When cells are placed into a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell, as it is in higher concentration inside the cell. • The cell shrivels up. • Hypertonic solutions REALLY SUCK!!! They suck water out of the cells placed in them. • This is what happens when someone is dehydrated, and can be fatal if not corrected. Hypertonic Solutions

  14. When cells are placed into a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell, as its concentration is greater in the solution. • The cell swells. • Hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell up like a hippo! • This happens to a certain extent every time you drink something. • This, too, can prove fatal if you drink too much water. Yes, it’s possible and has lead to death. Hypotonic Solutions

  15. http://internalandexternalenvironments2012.wikispaces.com/Hypertonic,+hypotonic+and+isotonic+effects+on+plants+and+animal+cells.Hyper, Hypo, and Isotonic Solutions

  16. Look for words that end in –cytosis or the word pump. • REQUIRES ATP (ENERGY!!!) • -cytosis: LARGE molecules are moving into or out of the cell through the creation of vesicles. • Pump: Ions are being pumped AGAINST the concentration gradient through a membrane protein. (Na+/K+ Pump) • The ion is moving from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. Active Transport

  17. Pump mechanisms move ions from a low concentration to a higher concentration • This requires energy (ATP) Pump Mechanism

  18. Endocytosis: Large molecules are being transported via a vesicle INTO the cell. • Ex. Phagocytosis: Cell eating. What some of your white blood cells do to bacterial cells. (Oh…Disgusting!!!) • Exocytosis: Large molecules are leaving (EXITING) the cell through a vesicle. • Ex. When a protein that has been made by the cell has to leave the cell from the Golgi Body to go to another area to carry out its function. -Cytosis Examples

  19. Exocytosis http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/notes/API%20Notes%20E%20Membranes%20and%20Movement%20Across%20Membranes.htm Endocytosis http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/biomembranes/biological-processes.php Pictures of Exocytosis and Endocytosis

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