CAPP Grant Program Curriculum Guide Day Two

1. CAPP Grant Program Curriculum Guide Day Two

2. Verbs Occupation: Silversmith To become a silversmith, Kayla had to learn how to: sand fire anneal shape measure cut select solder set design prepare hollow out polish

3. Verbs Occupation: Silversmith Look at Kayla the silversmith. She is sanding firing annealing shaping measuring cutting selecting soldering setting designing preparing hollowing out polishing

4. lifeguard, philosopher, scientist, shoemaker, matador, explorer, inventor, court jester, makeup artist, treasure hunter, student, dragon slayer, carpenter, jeweler, candymaker, ventriloquist, fisherman, nurse, banker, tyrant, butcher, reporter, web designer, programmer secret agent, flight attendant, cashier, beekeeper, gladiator, clockmaker, superhero, innkeeper, botanist, magician’s assistant; racecar driver, wizard, game show host, dentist, food taster, actor cake decorator, sky-diver, birdwatcher, trapeze artist; librarian, stamp collector, tight-rope walker; dog trainer, dishwasher, cyclist; bodyguard, prime suspect, ichthyologist, manicurist, sheriff, piano tuner, stuntman, composer, tour guide, principal, knight, exterminator, factory worker, roofer, sailor, impersonator, park ranger, mathematician, balloonist, guitarist, welder, window washer, weatherman, scout juggler, cowboy, clown, astronaut, anesthesiologist, zookeeper, crossing guard, vegetarian, seamstress, thief, comedian

5. Village 1: The village where verbs… have, had, have had send, sent, have sent build, built, have built Pop. approx 20 verbs Village 5: The village where verbs… www.amybenjamin.com Irregular Verb Villages Village 3: The village where verbs… cut, cut, have cut hit, hit, have hit put, put, have put quit, quit, have quit Pop: approx 40 verbs keep, kept, have kept sleep, slept, have slept sell, sold, have sold bring, brought, have brought catch, caught, have caught Pop: approx 40 verbs Village 6: The village where verbs… spin, spun, have spun sit, sat, have sat stand, stood, have stood Pop: approx 70 verbs Village 4: The village where verbs… Village 2: The village where verbs… Village 7: The village where verbs… blow, blew, have blown fly, flew, have flown take, took, have taken shake, shook, have shaken see, saw, have seen Pop: approx 75 verbs mow, mowed, have mown sew, sewed, have sewn swell, swelled, have swollen Pop. approx 10 verbs swim, swam, have swum ring, rang, have rung sing, sang, have sung go, went, have gone Pop: Approx 25 verbs

6. www.amybenjamin.com • Characterize the pattern of each of the irregular verb villages. • The following verbs are lost. Help them find their villages. So that • they don’t get lost again, explain to them the ways of their villages: • teach drink win get broadcast • wring think lie seek bet • shrink speak lay make bid • break cost hurt choose freeze • steal

7. Village 1: The village where verbs… have, had, have had send, sent, have sent build, built, have built Pop. approx 20 verbs Village 5: The village where verbs… (Answers) www.amybenjamin.com Irregular Verb Villages stay the same. Village 3: The village where verbs… cut, cut, have cut hit, hit, have hit put, put, have put quit, quit, have quit Pop: approx 40 verbs stay the same in past and participle; last few letters change stay the same in past & participle; only last sound changes keep, kept, have kept sleep, slept, have slept sell, sold, have sold bring, brought, have brought catch, caught, have caught Pop: approx 40 verbs stay the same in past & participle; keep last letter the same Village 7: The village where verbs… spin, spun, have spun sit, sat, have sat stand, stood, have stood Pop: approx 70 verbs Village 4: The village where verbs… Village 2: The village where verbs… Village 6: The village where verbs… are different (and irreg) in all three forms; end in N as participle are regular in the past; end with N as participle are different in all three forms. blow, blew, have blown fly, flew, have flown take, took, have taken shake, shook, have shaken see, saw, have seen Pop: approx 75 verbs mow, mowed, have mown sew, sewed, have sewn swell, swelled, have swollen Pop. approx 10 verbs swim, swam, have swum ring, rang, have rung sing, sang, have sung go, went, have gone Pop: Approx 25 verbs

8. www.amybenjamin.com (answers) Village 1:lay (laid, laid); make (made, made) Village 2: Village 3:seek (sought, sought); teach (taught, taught) think (thought, thought) Village 4:break (broke, broken); steal (stole, stolen); speak (spoke, spoken); get (got, gotten); choose (chose, chosen) freeze (froze, frozen) Village 5:bet (bet, bet); bid (bid, bid*); broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) (Perfect: bid Participle: bidden) Village 6:wring (wrung, wrung); win (won, won) Village 7:shrink (shrank, shrunk*) drink (drank, drunk*) lie (lay, lain) (Perfect: shrunk, drunk) (Participle: shrunken, drunken)

9. Verb Pattern Game: A was an apple pie… B bought it. C chewed it. D dropped it. E engulfed it. F found it. G gnawed it. H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z

10. Verb Pattern Game: A was an apple pie… B bought it. C chewed it. D dropped it. E engulfed it. F found it. G gnawed it. H I J K L M N O P R S Instructional Implications: 1. Reinforcing patterns in regular and irregular verbs 2. Reinforcing spelling patterns in regular and irregular verbs 3. Understanding the transitive verb-direct object pattern 4. Vocabulary expansion and creative thinking T U V W X Y Z Variations and Expansions: 1. Start with a noun other than apple pie. 2. Use intransitive verbs: An apple pie advanced. An apple pie broke. An apple pie collapsed. 3. When the list is completed, ask students to categorize the verbs, using an organizing principle of their choice.

11. DEPENDENT CLAUSES We’ve been looking at sentences. A sentence can stand alone and make sense. Now we’ll look at groups of words that cannot stand alone and make sense because they begin with a dependent word. Dependent words are powerful. If you put one in front of a sentence, you no longer have a sentence. Sentence: The music began. Not a sentence: When the music began The minute we add when, we no longer have a sentence. This word sets up a questionable situation: we wonder what happened when the music began.

12. DEPENDENT CLAUSES Here are some more important dependent words: after, although, as, as soon as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, whenever, wherever, while. None of these are sentences: After the music began As soon as the music began Because the music began Before the music began While the music began They are called dependent clauses.

13. BASKETS Dependent clauses are like baskets. They need to be attached to a bike. When the music began Everyone started to dance. When the music began, everyone started to dance.

14. BASKETS Here are some more dependent clauses: As soon as it stopped raining Because I registered early If they need a quiet place to study These baskets need to be attached to a bike.

15. BASKETS ON THE FRONT We can place them on the front of a bike. As soon as it stopped raining, we saw a double rainbow. Because I registered early, I got the classes I wanted. If they need a quiet place to study, they go to the library.

16. BASKETS ON THE BACK We can also place them on the back of a bike. We saw a double rainbowas soon as it stopped raining. I got the classes I wantedbecause I registered early. They go to the libraryif they need a quiet place to study.

17. MORE DEPENDENT CLAUSES Another kind of dependent clause begins with the relative pronouns who, which, and that. who works part-time which includes a swimming pool that we just bought These clauses are not sentences. They are like baskets that need to be attached to a bike.

18. BASKETS IN THE MIDDLE These baskets go after the word they describe. Sometimes they’re in the middle of the bike. Frank, who works part-time, will be our guide. The new fitness center, which includes a swimming pool, opened in February. The refrigerator that we just bought has a high energy rating.

19. BASKETS ON THE BACK Sometimes they are on the back of the bike. We are making pasta for the Richardsons, who do not eat meat. I have tickets to the jazz festival, which begins at noon. Karen likes books that have a happy ending.

20. Review Make sure the bike has 2 wheels. One wheel and a basket do not make a sentence. Front wheel basket back wheel? The fitness center,which includes a tennis court ?? We need to add a wheel. Front wheel basket back wheel The fitness center,which includes a tennis court, will open soon.

21. Review Here’s another example: Front wheel and basket The car that is parked in the driveway We need a back wheel The car that is parked in the drivewayis mine.

22. FRAGMENTS A fragment is just a part of a sentence. It can’t stand alone and make sense because it doesn’t have a who or what and what about it. We have already looked at one kind of fragment: the dependent clause. It’s not a sentence, but a basket. We’ll now look at 3 more kinds of fragments: added-detail fragments, -ing fragments, and to fragments. Most fragments have just been disconnected from the sentence and need to be reattached. Sometimes it’s a wheel; most of the time, it’s a basket.

23. PROBLEM: DISCONNECTED BASKET Notice the words in green. They are added-detail fragments. They are like baskets that have been disconnected from the bike. It was an easy task. Especially for someone so small. The corporation provides employees with benefits.Like medical insurance and a pension. We have ordered everything on the menu. Except fried buffalo wings.

24. SOLUTION: ATTACH THE BASKET We need to attach these fragments to the sentence. It was an easy task, especially for someone so small. The corporation provides employees with benefits, like medical insurance and a pension. We have ordered everything on the menu except fried buffalo wings.

25. PROBLEM: DISCONNECTED BASKET Many fragments begin with a word ending in –ing. The words in green are –ing fragments. They are like baskets that have been disconnected from the bike. I sprinted down the street.Trying to catch the train. The campers sat by the fire. Telling stories and playing card games. The scientists continued their research. Hoping to find a cure.

26. SOLUTION: ATTACH THE BASKET I sprinted down the street, trying to catch the train. The campers sat by the fire, telling stories and playing card games. The scientists continued their research, hoping to find a cure.

27. PROBLEM: DISCONNECTED BASKET Other fragments begin with the word to. The words in green are to fragments. They are going to Ashville for the weekend. To celebrate their anniversary. We walked up sixteen flights of stairs. To prove to ourselves we could do it. Tanya reads the newspaper daily. To find out about job possibilities.

28. SOLUTION: ATTACH THE BASKET We need to attach these fragments to the sentence. They are going to Ashville for the weekend to celebrate their anniversary. We walked up sixteen flights of stairs to prove to ourselves we could do it. Tanya reads the newspaper daily to find out about job possibilities.

29. SENTENCE VARIETY Baskets are excellent ways to create sentence variety. Once we have a stable structure, we can add baskets on the front in the middle or on the back.

30. BASKETS ON THE FRONT We can add a variety of baskets on the front: Earlier this spring, the viaduct was closed because of flooding. Sitting on the back steps, we talked about tomorrow. By the time they got home, it was dark. Irritable after a long day at work, we took a nap before studying.

31. Writing with Detail, Depth and Dimension • Prepositional phrases • Adverbials • Appositives

32. Examples of Prepositional Phrases from Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome: Far off above us a square of light trembled through the screen of snow. Staggering along in Frome's wake I floundered toward it, and in the darkness almost fell into one of the deep drifts against the front of the house. Frome scrambled up the slippery steps of the porch, digging a way through the snow with his heavily booted foot. Then he lifted his lantern, found the latch, and led the way into the house. I went after him into a low unlit passage, at the back of which a ladder-like staircase rose into obscurity. On our right a line of light marked the door of the room which had sent its ray across the night; and behind the door I heard a woman's voice...

33. Detail, Depth, Dimension Notice how every sentence is studded with prepositional phrases. …above us a square of light trembled through the screenof snow. Staggering along in Frome's wake I floundered toward it, and in the darkness almost fell into one of the deep drifts against the front of the house. Frome scrambled up the slippery steps of the porch, digging a way through the snow with his heavily booted foot. Then he lifted his lantern, found the latch, and led the way into the house. I went after him into a low unlit passage, at the back of which a ladder-like staircase rose into obscurity. On our right a line of light marked the door of the room which had sent its ray across the night; and behind the door I heard a woman's voice...

34. Prepositional phrases can be piled up, side by side. into one of the deep driftsagainst the frontof the house up the slippery steps of the porch through the snow with his heavily booted foot after him into a low unlit passage, at the backof which

35. Any word that will fit into this space would be a preposition: somewhere ________ the rainbow over near across from under in away from behind around on through inside beneath at outside

36. What questions do prepositional phrases answer? Where? above us, up the slippery steps, into obscurity at night, after dinner, in the morning When? of gold, with puffy sleeves What kind? Which one?

37. How can I use prepositional phrases to make my writing more interesting? Look for nouns in the sentence that you can say more about: Where? When? What kind? Which one? Vary your sentence structure by beginning some sentences with with prepositional phrases.

38. How can I use prepositional phrases to make my writing more interesting? Vary your sentence structure by placing prepositional phrases in various parts of your sentences. Here’s how Mark Twain does this in a passage from Life on the Mississippi: Sometimes, in the big river, when we would be feeling our way cautiously along through a fog, the deep hush would suddenly be broken by yells and a clamor of tin pans, and all in instanta log raft would appear vaguely through the webby veil, close upon us;

39. Examples of Adverbials: When Jack London wrote White Fang, he used many adverbials to provide detail and dimension: The men slept, breathing heavily, side by side, under the one covering. The fire died down, and the gleaming eyes drew closer the circle they had flung about the camp. The dogs clustered togetherin fear, now and again snarling menacingly as a pair of eyes drew close.Oncetheir uproar became so loud that Bill woke up. He got out of bedcarefully, so as not to disturb the sleep of his comrade, and threw more wood on the fire. As it began to flame up, the circle of eyes drew farther back. He glanced casually at the huddling dogs. He rubbed his eyes and looked at themmore sharply. Then he crawled back into the blankets

40. Examples of Adverbials: You may have noticed that prepositional phrases can be adverbials if they answer the questions that adverbials answer (where? when? why? to what extent? in what manner?) The men slept, breathing heavily, side by side, under the one covering. The fire died down, and the gleaming eyes drew closer the circle they had flung about the camp. The dogs clustered together in fear, now and again snarling menacingly as a pair of eyes drew close. Once their uproar became so loud that Bill woke up. He got out of bed carefully, so as not to disturb the sleep of his comrade, and threw more wood on the fire. As it began to flame up, the circle of eyes drew farther back. He glanced casually at the huddling dogs. He rubbed his eyes and looked at them more sharply. Then he crawled back into the blankets

41. Notice that some adverbials consist of a single word: down closer up carefully casually once together then And still others consist of an entire clause: as a pair of eyes drew close, as it began to flame up While others consist of a phrase: breathing heavily side by side under the one covering about the camp in fear out of bed so as not to disturb the sleep of his comrade on the fire farther back at the huddling dogs at them more sharply back into the blankets

42. Detail, Depth and Dimension Technique III:Appositives Review and Remember: An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it. Another way to recognize appositives: Think of an appositive as being a re-namer of the noun or pronoun that precedes it: This one is Lucianus, nephew to the king. nephew to the king re-names Lucianus.

43. Examples of Appositives Let’s look at how real authors use appositives to re-name nouns in their sentences: . From Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton: On my arrival at Starkfield, Denis Eady, the rich Irish grocer… the rich Irish grocerre-namesDenis Eady. Here’s how this appositive fits in to Edith Wharton’s full sentence: On my arrival at Starkfield, Denis Eady, the rich Irish grocer, who was the proprietor of Starkfield's nearest approach to a livery stable, had entered into an agreement to send me over daily to Corbury Flats, where I had to pick up my train for the Junction

44. Example of appositive from Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton: …Mattie Silver, his wife’s cousin. Mattie Silver re-names his wife’s cousin. Here’s how the appositive fits into Edith Wharton’s whole sentence: Frome was in the habit.of walking into Starkfield to fetch home his wife's cousin, Mattie Silver.

45. Appositives can be used to give more information about a place, as this one, by Jack London in White Fang, does: It was the Wild, the savage, frozen- hearted NorthlandWild

46. An appositive can be a metaphor. Here’s a famous one from Homer’s The Odyssey: Now when the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared,Telemachus rose and dressed himself

47. appositive few, we happy few, appositive appositive we band of brothers, Shakespeare used appositives in his writing: Here are three ideas, expressed in three short sentences: There are a few of us. We are happy. We are a band of brothers. Not very poetic, is it? Here’s how Shakespeare presents these three ideas as a series of appositives: We And here’s the rest of this stirring sentence from the battle scene in Henry V: But we in it shall be remembered-- We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; For he who sheds his blood with me today Shall be my brother.

48. appositive a poor player,… And here is what Macbeth observes about life at the end of the play: Life’s but a walking shadow. Life’s a poor player. Here is how Shakespeare uses an appositive to have Macbeth express his despair: Life’s but a walking shadow, And here’s the whole sentence: Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more.

49. Review: Detail, Depth and Dimension If you want to be in interesting writer, do what the great writers have done: Use prepositional phrases to add information about time and place. Begin some sentences with prepositional phrases to vary your sentence structure. Use adverbials to answer questions that provide information: where? when? why? to what extent? in what manner? Use appositives after nouns or pronouns to give more information about them by using a re-namer. Note that commas should surround an appositive. (The comma is optional is the appositive is a single word.