Grammar Notes

1. Grammar Notes Unit 3 Week 1 and 2 (lessons 29 – 33)

2. Grammar – Unit 3 Lessons 29 - 46 Parts of Speech Part 3 and Sentences

3. GRAMMAR • Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

4. Critical Question • What are modifiers and what do they describe?

5. Adjectives and Adverbs: Modifiers • Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers–the parts of speech that describe nouns, verbs, pronouns, and in some cases one another. • You have your nouns, verbs, pronouns, but how do you add color and texture to those words? With modifiers, of course! They describe or make something specific.

6. Adjectives Examples: • An adjective describes a noun (or a pronoun) by telling you which one, what kind, or how many. • Aardvark threw some pillows at Squiggly. • Aardvark threw a square pillow at Squiggly.

7. Adverbs Examples: • An adverb works harder than the adjective. It can describe verbs, other adverbs, clauses, and whole sentences. The adverbs tells you where, when, and how (how often and how much). Adverbs often end in –ly, but not always. • Squiggly deftly dodged the pillows. • Squiggle quite deftly dodged the pillows. • Squiggly dodged the unusually hard pillow.

8. Summary – Please use your notes to answer the critical question - 3 minutes • Today – answer in ONE concise sentence. • Thank you. • The Critical Question of the day: What are the two types of speech that are called modifiers and what do they describe?

9. Grammar Matters ------

10. GRAMMAR • Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

11. Critical Question • Can some words be adjectives or adverbs?

12. Words that can be Adjectives orAdverbs noun adjective • Some words can be adverbs or adjectives depending on how they are used in a sentence. verb adverb You can tell the difference by noting what the word is modifying.

13. adjective POP Quiz – Adverb or Adjective??? • He kept a weekly calendar. • He jogged weekly. • He stayed late. • They made it a late night. • The hard nails worked. • He worked hard. ADVERB ADVERB Adjective Adjective ADVERB

14. Summary – Please use your notes to answer the critical question - 3 minutes • Today – answer in ONE concise sentence. • Thank you. • The Critical Question of the day: Can some words be adjectives or adverbs?

15. Grammar Matters ------

16. GRAMMAR • Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

17. Critical Question • Do action and linking verbs take different modifiers?

18. Linking Verbs With Adjectives and Adverbs: The Missing Link • Remember linking verbs?

19. Linking Verbs With Adjectives and Adverbs: The Missing Link • When dealing with sensing verbs, such as taste, smell look, or feel, you have to take a minute to decide whether you’re describing the noun or the verb. • Consider the different meanings of these two sentences: I smell bad. I smell badly.

20. I smell bad. It’s correct to say “I smell bad” when you are expressing an emotion. • You just ran a marathon your and you have been sweating. Bad describes your physical being. It is an adjective describing the pronoun “I”. • Remember to test the sentence by replacing the verb with a form of “to be.” • I am bad works so you know smell is a linking verb in the sentence.

21. Adjectives follow linking verbs.

22. I smell badly. When you say “I smell badly,” the adverb “badly” describes the action verb “smell.” • Since the action verb “smell” can imply “to smell things” smelling badly can imply that something is wrong with your sense of smell. • I know that people think that they need to describe how they feel so they can use an adverb by mistake. It is those pesky linking verbs that cause such confusion. Do not fall into the sinking-linking-verb quicksand.

23. Use adverbs with action verbs. For example, I you give a horrible speech you could say, “I spoke badly.” because “spoke is an action verb. You can tell that because “speaking” is an action and the test sentence :”I am badly” doesn’t work. • With sense verbs, first test whether they are linking verbs or action verbs. Then use my adjective/ adverb tip :

24. Summary – • Adjectives follow linking verbs. • Adverbs modify action verbs. • Critical question --- Do action and linking verbs take different modifiers?

25. Grammar Matters ------

26. Week 2

27. GRAMMAR • Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

28. Critical Question • When do you use more and when do you use most in sentences?

29. Comparatives and Superlatives: • When comparing items, notice whether you are comparing two things or more than two things. • Adjectives and adverbs can be used to compare nouns or verbs.

30. Comparative. • When comparing two items, use a comparative. • You can remember this word is used to compare two things because it has the word pair in it, and a pair is always two things.

31. For Comparatives, use - • more before the adjective or the adverb OR the suffix –eron the end of it. more peculiar faster taller

32. Superlative. • When comparing three or more items, use a superlative. You can remember that superlatives are more than two things because superlative has the word super in it, and when you want a whole bunch of something, you supersize it.

33. With superlatives use • most before the adjective or the adverb, or the suffix -eston the end most peculiar tallest fastest

34. Better or Best ? It was the _________ choice given the limited options. It was the _________________choice of the day.Someone else had already chosen the _________ tree.Aardvark chose the ______ tree of the remaining pair.Squiggly ran ______________________ than AardvarkBob ran ___________. better best Taller or Tallest?? tallest taller Faster or Fastest? faster fastest

35. Summary – Please answer the critical question. • When do you use more and when do you use most in sentences?

36. Grammar Matters ------

37. GRAMMAR • Please take out your notes for your studies in Grammar …

38. Critical Question • How do you know when to use –eror more or -estor most when working with comparatives and superlatives?

39. Comparison involving words with one syllable or three or more syllables follow clear rules. The two syllable words are tricky.

40. One One-syllable words use suffixes er or est. • NOTE: Some people ask about fun. Technically, it is not an adjective, so you shouldn’t use “funner” or “funnest.” smart I am smarter than my sister, but I’m not the smartest in my family.

41. Three Three-syllable words use more or most in front of them. spectacular That is the most spectacular painting I have ever seen.

42. TWO Two-syllable words use more or most and erand est depending on the word. Two-syllable adjectives that end in y, ow, or le can take the suffixes er and est. mellow mellowest mellower subtle subtler subtlest With words ending in y, change the y to i funny funnier funniest

43. Note • If you have a two-syllable adjective that doesn’t end in y, ow, or le (if it is not yowlier), you’ll need to rely on your ear or your dictionary.

44. Summary – Please answer the critical question. • How do you know when to use –er or more? -est or most when working with comparatives and superlatives?

45. Grammar Matters ------