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GRAMMAR NOTES

GRAMMAR NOTES. Punctuating Dialogue. Direct Quotations Use quotation marks at the beginning and the end of a direct quotation EX: “All passengers assemble on deck,” said the captain. Punctuating Dialogue.

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GRAMMAR NOTES

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  1. GRAMMAR NOTES

  2. Punctuating Dialogue • Direct Quotations • Use quotation marks at the beginning and the end of a direct quotation • EX: “All passengers assemble on deck,” said the captain.

  3. Punctuating Dialogue • To set off explanatory words used with direct quotations (whether at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence) use a comma. • EX: The captain said, “All passengers assemble on deck.” • EX: “All passengers,” said the captain, “assemble on deck.” • EX: “All passengers assemble on deck,” said the captain.

  4. Punctuating Dialogue • If the quoted words are part of a quotation or exclamation of your own, place the punctuation mark outside the closing quotation marks. • EX: Did I hear him say, “I believe we’re sinking”?

  5. Punctuating Dialogue • Indirect Quotations • Do not use quotation marks to set off an indirect quotation • EX: Captain Smith told the radio operators that they should abandon their cabin.

  6. Punctuating Dialogue • Divided Quotations • To enclose both parts of a divided quotation use quotation marks. • EX: “The ship,” the owner said, “is unsinkable.” • Do not capitalize the first word of the second part unless it begins a new sentence.

  7. Punctuating Dialogue • Dialogue • A new paragraph and a new set of quotation marks signal a change in speakers. • “Ready.” • “Ready.” • “Now?” • “Soon.”

  8. Possessive Nouns • NOUNS THAT SHOW OWNERSHIP OR RELATIONSHIP • EX: MOM’S CAR (OWNERSHIP) • EX: BROTHER’S FRIEND (RELATIONSHIP)

  9. Possessive Nouns • SINGULAR – ADD “’S” DOG’S BONE • PLURAL AND ENDS IN S – ADD “ ‘ “ SPIDERS’ WEBS • PLURAL AND DOES NOT END IN S – ADD “ ‘S “ CHILDREN’S CAPS

  10. Antecedents • THE WORD THE PRONOUN REFERS TO • EX: NANCY LIKES CEREAL. HER FAVORITE IS CHEERIOS.

  11. Fragments • PART OF A SENTENCE WRITTEN AS IF IT WERE COMPLETE • MISSING A SUBJECT, A PREDICATE, OR BOTH • EX: IN MEXICO AND ASIA. (MISSING BOTH)

  12. Run-Ons • TWO OR MORE SENTENCES WRITTEN AS ONE • EX: THE PLAY BEGINS AT TWO WE HAD BETTER HURRY.

  13. Compound Sentence • Two sentences joined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction. • EX: The boys wore red uniforms, and the girls wore blue uniforms.

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