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Inequality of Opportunities and the Arab spring. Melani Cammett Political Science Brown University. “Bread, Freedom, and Social Justice!”. Oil rents and mass uprisings. I ncreasing state repression. Repression and Freedom Indices, Average of All Arab Countries
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Inequality of Opportunities and the Arab spring Melani Cammett Political Science Brown University
Increasing state repression Repression and Freedom Indices, Average of All Arab Countries Source: Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset, various years.
Post-Independence Human Development Achievements in the MENA: Infant Mortality
The Rollback of the State Government Spending and Private Investment as a Percentage of GDP (Developing Arab Countries)
The Decline of the MENA State in Cross-Regional Perspective General Government Final Consumption as a Percentage of GDP, Various Global Regions in Selected Years
MENA Fuel Subsidies in Cross-Regional Comparative Perspective
Public spending on health/total govt. revenues(Selected MENA countries)
Educational Performance(Selected countries) (Source: TIMSS, 8th Grade Level, 2007)
Insecurity & Risk Exposure in MENA Health Systems Example: Out-of-Pocket Spending on Health/Total Spending on Health, selected countries and regions (1995-2010) Source: World Development Indicators, various years