0 likes | 12 Views
Bladder carcinoma often presents with painless hematuria and frequent urination. Risk factors include smoking and chemical exposure. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, cystoscopy, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation, with bladder preservation possible for early cases. To find more topics on FMGE and NEET PG, visit us at Nextillo.
E N D