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Diversity Study Guide. By: Waqas Siddiqui Jonathan Alvarez. Judaism . Belief in one god – Monotheism First monotheistic person – Abraham Promise between god and man – Covenant Retrieved from Mt. Sinai – 10 Commandments Freed the Jews from Egypt – Moses Holy Book – Torah
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Diversity Study Guide By: Waqas Siddiqui Jonathan Alvarez
Judaism • Belief in one god – Monotheism • First monotheistic person – Abraham • Promise between god and man – Covenant • Retrieved from Mt. Sinai – 10 Commandments • Freed the Jews from Egypt – Moses • Holy Book – Torah • Promise Land – Canaan • Name for Jewish people - Hebrews
Hinduism • Founded by – ‘No Single founder’ • Holy books – Vedas • Reaching Enlightenment – Moksha • Started in – India • People who created religion were known as – Aryians • Destroyer, Protector, and Creator gods – Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma • Social class system – Caste System • Priests are known as – Brahmins • Lowest level of caste system – Untouchables • Cycle of rebirth – Reincarnation • Moral and social duties – Darhma
Buddhism • Founded by – Siddhartha Guatama • Holy book – Jatakas • Reaching enlightenment – Nirvana • Started in – Southeast Asia • Way to reach enlightenment – Eightfold path • Spread to – Burma, Thailand, China, and Japan • Holy people were known as – Monks • Actions in life affect your next – Karma • The four noble truths – • 1. Everything in life is suffering and sorrow • 2.The cause of all suffering people • 3.The way to end all suffering • 4.The way to overcome such desires
Persia • King that created the great empire – Cyrus • How Cyrus acted towards conquered people – Tolerance • Created to aid travel and trade – Royal Road • Area conquered by Cambyses – Egypt • Elite fighting force of Persia – 10,000 immortals • Stretched from the Indus river valley to Anatolia • Division of the empire into 20 provinces – Imperial bureaucracy • Governors of the provinces – Satraps • Religion – Zoroastrianism • Focused on the two forces of light and darkness • Believed in the idea of a Heaven or Hell • King not related to others – Darius • {Lost to Greece in the battle of Marathon}
Chinese Philosophies • Confucianism - Confucious • Legalism – Hanfeizi and Lisi • Daoism - Laozi
Confucianism • Founded by – Confucious • Nature of man is – Harmony • 5 key relationships – • 1. Father to son • 2. Elder brother to younger brother • 3. Husband to wife • 4. Ruler to subject • 5. Friend to friend • Respect for elders/parents – Filiel Piety • Writings – Analects • Rulers should act – By a code of ethics • Rulers should enforce and set an example for the people • So that it will improve society
Legalism • Founded by Hanfeizi and Lisi • Nature of man is – Evil • Laws should be – passed strictly • Punishments should be – Harsh • No writings, instead did this to books – Burned all books • Autocracy – Authority that only the ruler has • Emperor who instituted Legalism – Qin Shi Huangdi • Started with Qin dynasty of China
Daoism • Founded by – Laozi • Seek harmony with – Nature • Government’s job – Not to play a role • Symbol that represents the Natural rhythm of life – Yin and Yang • Thoughts are recorded in the writings called – Dao Deching