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Acid Rain

Acid Rain. Unpolluted rain has a pH of 5.6 Rain with a pH below 5.6 is “acid rain“ CO 2 in the air forms carbonic acid CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 Adds to H + of rain H 2 CO 3 H + (aq) + HCO 3 -(aq) Formation of acid rain:

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Acid Rain

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  1. Acid Rain • Unpolluted rain has a pH of 5.6 • Rain with a pH below 5.6 is “acid rain“ • CO2 in the air forms carbonic acid CO2 + H2O H2CO3 • Adds to H+ of rain H2CO3 H+ (aq) + HCO3-(aq) Formation of acid rain: 1. Emission of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fuels expecially coal with high S content, power stations, oil refineries, vehicles as well as bacterial decomposition, and lighting hitting N2 SO2 26 million tons in 1980 NO and NO2 22 million tons in 1980 Mt. St Helens (1980) 400,000 tons SO2 2. Reactions in the atmosphere form SO3 2SO2 + O2 2 SO3 3. Reactions with atmosphere water form acids SO3 + H2O  H2SO4 sulfuric acid NO + H2O  HNO2 nitrous acid HNO2 + H2O  HNO3 nitric acid 4. Effects of Acid Rain Decline in fish populations in rivers and lasts due to toxic effect of Al leached from soil by acid rain Extensive fish kills in spring from runoff due to accumulation of large amounts of acid on the snow Dissolves minerals Mg, Ca, and K from the soil and waxy coatings that protect leaves from bacteria Corrodes metals, textiles, paper and leather LecturePLUS Timberlake

  2. Sources of Acid Rain • Power stations • Oil refineries • Coal with high S content • Car and truck emissions • Bacterial decomposition, and lighting hitting N2 LecturePLUS Timberlake

  3. Effects of Acid Rain • Leaches Al from soil, which kills fish • Fish kills in spring from runoff due to accumulation of large amounts of acid in snow • Dissolves waxy coatings that protect leaves from bacteria • Corrodes metals, textiles, paper and leather LecturePLUS Timberlake

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