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The Roaring 1920s: Society, Intolerance, & Immigration

Explore the 'new society' of the 1920s with features like Religious Fundamentalism, Prohibition, Jazz Age, and Immigration Restrictions. Understand the impact of intolerance and xenophobia on legislation and society. Dive into the influence of anti-immigration laws and the rise of the KKK. Delve into the clash of values and beliefs during this transformative era.

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The Roaring 1920s: Society, Intolerance, & Immigration

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  1. Do Now: Give me Liberty! Chapter 20 In two groups, summarise and support: What were the main features of the ‘new society’ in 1920s? What were the main features of the new society in 1920s?

  2. ReligiousFundamentalism • Reaction to ‘modernist’ adapting Christianity to secular culture • Billy Sunday • Prohibition • The Scopes Trial • The rise of the KKK to 3 million by mid 1920s. Restrictions of Immigration – Closing the Golden Door Civil Liberties • Rights asserted by the individual over democratic majority • Preserving freedom of speech • Self-Censorship – the Hays code. The Red Scare Sacco-Vanzetti Case • The Cable Act • Restrictions did not apply to Western hemisphere – need for cheap labour. • 1921 – limited to 357,000 Europeans • 1924 – limited to 150,000 What were the main features of the new society in 1920s? The Jazz Age: A revolt against moral rules? Lax moral standards? The decline of organised labour (Trade Unions) Mass consumer culture • The liberated young single flapper • Birth control • Marketing • Labour-saving devices: washing machine, vacuum etc • By 1929, the US was producing over 40% of the world’s manufactured goods and 85% of the world’s cars. Half of Americans owned a car. • Annual automobile production tripled from 1.5 to 4.8 million. • By 1929, weekly movie attendance doubled from 1922 to 80 million and there were nearly 5 million radios in US homes. • 100 million records sold each year. • Changing image of Wall Street – 1.5m Americans owned stock by 1928. • Replaced politics? Voter turnout fell to less than 50% in 1924. • Limits – real wages rose by ¼ compared to corporate profits which more than doubled. 40% of the population lived in poverty. 60% of households did not own a radio in 1929 and 75% did not own a washing machine. Rural depression. • Welfare Capitalism • TUs Lost 2m members

  3. How and why was immigration restricted during the 1920s? LOs: 1. To identify causes of and the attitudes behind the legal restrictions on immigration during the 1920s 2. To explain the impact of intolerance and fundamentalism on immigration legislation during the 1920s 3. To assess the long term impact of the restrictions on immigration during the 1920s

  4. What are the attitudes behind the current US President’s policy on immigration? President Donald Trump has long touted what he calls a merit-based system of immigration, backing a legislative proposal that would have heavily favoured English-speaking, highly educated and high-earning immigrants over lower-skilled and lower-income applicants.

  5. American Immigration up to 1917 • Since 1880, America had absorbed 23 million immigrants. • Americans were (and still are) described as a ‘melting pot’. • Many were Roman Catholics or Jews from Southern and Eastern Europe.

  6. WASPs began to resent new cultures, languages and standards (xenophobia) and ‘nativism’ developed, valuing those only born in the USA.

  7. Who else was excluded from the American Dream during the Roaring 20s? As you watch the clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKUcAQ5UXbM Why did Americans fear immigrants? Who was NOT included in the 1920s anti-immigration legislation? Why did the laws not apply to them? What were the aims of the revived KKK? Why do we keep hearing different figures for KKK membership? Why do you think Garveyism gained so many followers?

  8. Task one: Use pages 42-43 of the handout to define and explain the impact of Religious Fundamentalism on American intolerance.

  9. Task two: Use pages 28-30 of Sanders to describe the other causes of intolerance and the impact of these attitudes on legislation. Challenge: Which do you think had more of an influence on US society during the 1920s, xenophobia, intolerance or religious fundamentalism? xenophobia = dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries. intolerance = unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behaviour that differ from one's own. religious fundamentalism = belief in the absolute authority of  religious teachings.

  10. Similarity and differences?

  11. Wider reading suggestion • Chapter from SHP

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