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Great Awakening, 1733-1748

Religion v. Commerce Preoccupation with material world Jerimiad/Declension Decline of religiosity/spirituality Dwindling church membership Enlightenment Context of Country Whig ideology Declension of virtue in authorities Economic stratification. Great Awakening, 1733-1748.

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Great Awakening, 1733-1748

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  1. Religion v. Commerce Preoccupation with material world Jerimiad/Declension Decline of religiosity/spirituality Dwindling church membership Enlightenment Context of Country Whig ideology Declension of virtue in authorities Economic stratification Great Awakening, 1733-1748

  2. George Whitefield Enthusiasm Out-of-doors religion (free choice of gospel) Appeal to the heart, not the head Jonathan Edwards Angry God (Fire and Brimstone) Introspection, seeking signs of grace) People

  3. Youthful, vivid, emotional, theatrical, dramatic conversion, a “reawakening” (born again) Return to strict Calvinist traditions, yet the responsibility for salvation is not God‘s (predestination), but man's willingness to accept salvation. and Ideas

  4. Gilbert Tennent Log College (Princeton) Challenging ‘Old Lights’ James Davenport Direct Action Communities fractured (Old Light/New Light) John Wesley: "Dost thou love and fear God? It is enough! I give thee the right hand of fellowship.” Book Burning Social Upheaval

  5. Interpretations Impacts • Criticism of materialistic values. • Underminined claims to deference and respect. • Prompted moves to disestablish the church. • Democratized religion: choices. • Transformed and democratized modes of mass communication. • Reinvigoration of traditional religious principles.

  6. War Renewed • War of Jenkins Ear (Britain/Spain) roles into King George’s War (Britain, Austria v. Spain, France, Prussia)1739-1748 • Louisbourg • Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle • Tentative Peace, 1748-1754 • French expansion into Ohio Valley (Ft Dusquene) • Albany Plan

  7. French Indian War: 1754-1763

  8. Events: • 1753-54 Washington sent to expel the French from the Ohio Valley. Subsequent encounter results in death of Jumonville. Washington defeated at Ft. Necessity. • 1755 British dispatch Gen Edward Braddock defeated and mortally wounded at Battle of the Monongahela. Brits under William Johnson turn back French advance on Lake Champlain and construct Ft William Henry on Lake George. Brits suffer defeat at Ft Niagra. • 1756 Britain declares war on France, expanding the war. Brits lose Ft Oswego. Pitt becomes Secretary of State.

  9. Events 2 • 1757 French under General Montcalm capture Ft William Henry • 1758 Pitt agrees to fund war effort and reimburse colonial expenses. Treaty of Easton with Six Nations (Iroquois). Brits capture Louisbourg. • 1759 Fall of Quebec. Death of Wolfe and Montcalm • 1760 Fall of Montreal • 1763 Treaty of Paris, Pontiac’s Rebellion, Proclamation Line

  10. Death of Wolfe

  11. The Career of GW A microcosm of American experience. Native Americans Animosity End of Play-Off Diplomacy Farmers and Speculators Brit disdain American pride Impacts

  12. Political Impacts • Attitudes • Pitt and the Assemblies: adds to Greene’s notion of “discrepancies” • Brit War Debts • The “Indian Problem” Amherst and germ war.

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