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Nationalism

Nationalism. Nation-state is regarded as paramount for the realization of social, economic, and cultural aspirations of a people . Characterized by a feeling of community based on common descent, language, and religion . Check your Notes!. The 4 basic ingredients to Nationalism.

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Nationalism

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  1. Nationalism • Nation-state is regarded as paramount for the realization of social, economic, and cultural aspirations of a people. • Characterized by a feeling of community based on common descent, language, and religion.

  2. Check your Notes! The 4 basic ingredients to Nationalism Technology Culture Politics Economics

  3. Congress of Vienna

  4. Quick Review • The Congress of Vienna met from September 1814 to June 1815 • Post-Napoleonic wars. • France, restored to a monarchy • Peace depended on a delicate "balance of power" among the major countries: Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Britain. • Was the reaction against the revolutionary impulses of the Napoleonic era. • Was driven by Conservativism – a reluctance to change

  5. Who what there? • Great Powers • Austria and Metternich • United Kingdom • Russia • Prussia • France • Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Genoa, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Papal States, German states… • Over 200 states, noble houses, guilds, cities, corporations and religious organizations were represented at Congress of Vienna

  6. What did it want? • Restoring the balance of Power • Conservativism • Containment of France • Never wanted another major war • Restoration of the Legitimacy of Rulers • Bring back the Old Regime • Punish those who sided with France • Part of the “balancing act”

  7. Balance and Containment • Borders of pre-Napoleonic Europe more or less restored • Winning side got more than the losing side • Strengthen the states surrounding France • Austrian Netherlands given to Holland • Creation of German Confederation • Led by Austria and Prussia • Italian States strengthened.

  8. Legitimacy and Punishment • Bourbons of France replaced (Louis XVIII). • Bourbons of Spain replaced as well • Hapsburgs back in Central Italy • Hapsburgs are Austrians • Saxony forced to give up 2/5th of land to Prussians • Switzerland granted independence

  9. Legitimacy and Punishment • Austrians gained influence in Italy and German Confederation and in Holland (Austrian Netherlands) • Prussia gained chunk of Saxony • Russia kept Finland and parts of Poland • Norway given to Sweden for loss of Finland • Punishes Denmark

  10. The Metternich Plan What’s a Metterich, and why did he have a plan?

  11. First…Metternich • Prince Klemens von Metternich • Foreign Minister of Austria • Distrusted Democracy • Felt that the only outcome of the democratic movements was “Napoleon”

  12. Concert of Europe • Also known as the Congress System • System of treaties and alliances • Each country would help if any “revolutions” broke out. • Began breaking down due to political and economic strains brought on by Imperialism and Industrialism

  13. Liberals vs. Conservatives Liberals Conservatives Legitimacy Return to Old Regime Balance of Power Put down rebellion May or may not have believed in Nationalism • Democratic Reform • Unalienable Rights • Liberty, equality, and fraternity • Middle and Lower class • Nationalist movement

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