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UKOLN is supported by:

The Tools of our Trade: AACR2/RDA and MARC Ann Chapman Policy & Advice Team. UKOLN is supported by:. What are our Tools?. AACR/RDA = content standard for resource description and access

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UKOLN is supported by:

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  1. The Tools of our Trade: AACR2/RDA and MARC Ann Chapman Policy & Advice Team UKOLN is supported by:

  2. What are our Tools? • AACR/RDA = content standard for resource description and access • MARC = communication and exchange format providing a structure for encoding the content of bibliographic and authority data Related to: • ISBD = rules that organise the bibliographic description of an item in a catalogue • FRBR = a entity-relational model of the data required to find, identify, select and obtain resources

  3. ISBDs • International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions • Developed 1969 onwards by IFLA • Defined seven areas of description and their order • Title • Statement of Responsibility • Edition • Resource specific information • Publication details • Physical description • Series information • Notes and standard identifiers

  4. FRBR • Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records • IFLA study 1998 • Entity-relationship model that defines: • Tasks: find, identify, select, obtain • Resource relationships:work, expression, manifestation, item • Entities: people, corporate bodies • Entities: concepts, objects, events, places

  5. AACR • Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules • A content standard for bibliographic description and access • Bibliographic – not just books • Key principles • One principle entry per resource • Catalogue from item in hand • Chief source of information

  6. AACR timeline • 1967 UK and US editions • 1978 2nd unified edition, consistent with ISBDs • 1997 Toronto conference on AACR2 • 1998 FRBR • 2005 RDA instead of AACR3 • 2008 RDA launch (provisional)

  7. AACR 2 • Part 1: Description • Chapter 1: General rules • Chapters 2 -12: Resource type - specific rules • Chapter 13: Analytic entries • Part 2: Headings, Uniform Titles, References • Chapter 21: Choice of access points • Chapters 22 – 26: Construction of access points • Appendices • A: Capitalisation, B: Abbreviations, C: Numerals,D: Glossary, E: Initial articles

  8. What’s wrong with AACR? • Increasingly complex • Lack of logical structure • Mixing content and carrier data • Seriality and hierarchical relationships • Anglo-American centric viewpoint • Written before FRBR • Not enough support for collocation • Unclear relationship with MARC Format

  9. RDA – The Aims • Rules should be easy to use and interpret • Be applicable to an online, networked environment • Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media • Encourage use beyond the library community • Be compatible with other similar standards • Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles • Separate content and carrier data • Contain more & more suitably chosen examples

  10. How is RDA being developed? • Joint Steering Committee (JSC) • ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC • Editor: Tom Delsey • Task focused working groups • GMD/SMD, Examples • Draft – responses – revised drafts – responses/acceptance • Final product – the publishers

  11. RDA Timelime • 2005 • Prospectus issued • Draft of Part A, chapters 1,2,4,5 • Content and carrier studies • 2006 • Drafts of chapters 3, 6, 7 • 2007 • Finalise Part A • Part B: Access point control • Appendices and glossary • 2008 • Initial release (summer, IFLA conference?)

  12. RDA Structure - 1 • Part A: Description • Ch. 1 General guidelines • Ch. 2 Identification of the resource • Ch. 3 Technical description • Ch. 4 Content description • Ch. 5 Terms of availability, etc. • Ch. 6 Persons, families and corporate bodies associated with a resource • Ch. 7 Related resources

  13. RDA Structure: 2 • Part B: Access point control • Appendices • Capitalisation • Abbreviation • Numbers • Initial articles • Display standards & ISBDs • Glossary

  14. RDA – What will it be? • An online resource, potentially: • Complete text • Concise text • Tailored texts (law, medical, etc.) • Training material • Incorporated into LMS cataloguing modules • Loose-leaf print version(s)

  15. RDA and beyond • RDA aims to be: • Independent of communication formats • UNIMARC, MARC, MARCXML, MODS/MADS • DC, EAD, ISBD, VRA, MPEG7 • Compatible / better aligned with other similar standards • Archives: ISAD(G) • Museums: Cataloging Cultural Objects

  16. RDA and MARC • Mapping RDA and MARC 21 • Report issued in Nov. 2006 and discussed at MARBI Midwinter 2007 • How will RDA impact on MARC 21? • Are new fields or subfields needed? • How will MARC 21 impact on RDA? • Data provisions in MARC 21 not covered in current draft of RDA

  17. MARC – 1960s • Library of Congress project • Database of catalogue records • Production of catalogue cards • US & UK versions • Reflected differing cataloguing practices • Developed in parallel but not identical ways

  18. MARC – 1970s Variant formats developed • Based on either US or UK formats (AUSMARC, DANMARC, KORMARC, etc.) • USMARC developed 8 material formats (Books, Serials, Maps, etc.) UNIMARC developed in 1977 by IFLA • Intended as exchange format • Used as the Bib format in some countries (e.g. France)

  19. MARC – Recent changes • Expansion of USMARC to a family of formats • Bibliographic, Holdings, Authority, Classification, Community Information • Integration of USMARC bibliographic format • Previous 8 formats integrated • Widespread adoption of MARC 21 • Some countries simply adopt USMARC • 1997 – USMARC & CANMARC become MARC 21 • 2003/4 – MARC 21 enhanced by UK proposals; British Library adopts MARC 21 • 2006/7 – Germany considering move from MAB to MARC 21

  20. MARC Structure • Leader • 0xx – control numbers, coded data • 1xx – primary access point • 2xx – description, GMD, edition, publication • 3xx – physical description • 4xx – series • 5xx – notes • 6xx – subject access points • 7xx – additional access points • 8xx – series added entries • 9xx – local fields

  21. Maintaining MARC 21 • Twice yearly MARBI meetings • Discussion papers • Proposals • UK and MARC 21 • BIC Bibliographic Standards Group • lis-ukbibs@jiscmail.ac.uk

  22. MARC and XML • MARC has alpha-numeric 3-digit tags • 100.1 Personal Name • 245 $a Title $b Subtitle • XML has element labels • <namePersonIndirectOrder> • <title> <titleSubtitle> <titleCoverTitle>

  23. Looking into the crystal ball • FRBR • Potential influence on cataloguing systems • Authority records, uniform titles, work records • OPACs • Multiple interfaces for different audiences • Enhance for accessibility - supports all users • Links (actual resources, restrictions, supporting or associated resources) • RDA • Used outside the library domain

  24. Contact details • Ann Chapman • a.d.chapman@ukoln.ac.uk • http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/bib-man/

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