GALILEO System Update

1. GALILEO System Update Dr. Uwe L. Berkes GALILEO Interim Support Structure – Brussels Presented by ir. Peter A. Grognard, Deputy Chair International, CGSIC Australian CGSIC Meeting February 10-11, 2003 – Melbourne, Australia

2. The Political Context of the GALILEO Program

3. The Political Context of GALILEO • Satellite navigation is considered to become worldwide the primary means for navigation • EC and ESA started cooperating in 1995 on the definition and implementation of an European strategy for GNSS in two stages: • First stage: EGNOS (1995-2004) • Second stage: GALILEO (1999-2008) • Full operational capability of the GALILEO program is foreseen to be reached in 2008 • Total cost of design, in-orbit validation, and full deployment of GALILEO: 3,4 B€

4. GNSS with GALILEO for Civil Aviation • Key interests for civil aviation is a GNSS service, relying on redundant, interoperable, and multi-frequency GALILEO and GPS constellations • Certifiable for Safety of Life applications • Provision of integrity information with the Signal in Space (GPS relies on regional augmentation systems to provide such information) • Increased accuracy in vertical and in horizontal direction • Greater availability in Northern Latitudes • Interoperability with GPS to allow simultaneous use for a robust world-wide GNSS (Availability of both systems together will be up-to 100%) • GALILEO is a civil operated system

5. 14 Visibility of Satellites 12 10 8 Minimum number of satellites in view 6 30 Vertical Accuracy 4 25 2 20 0 GPS Galileo Galileo + GPS V-accuracy (95%) 15 Constellation 10 5 0 GPS Galileo Galileo + GPS Constellation Improvement of GNSS with GALILEO & GPS Increase of availability with both systems: Up-to 100% ! Source: GMV GALILEO and GPS Performance Analysis Report

6. GALILEO is open to Co-operation • Galileo has been designed as global system with build-in regional and local enhancement capabilities • Negotiations with the United States and Russia are underway • Other parties expressed interest and some participated already in the definition studies • Contacts with third countries include Canada, China, Korea, Switzerland • Very positive contacts with Australia (AGCC) which are being followed up

7. The Signals and Services provided by the GALILEO System to Users

8. The GALILEO Signal Structure L6 • Galileo will provide 10 signals in the RadioNavigation Satellite Service (RNSS) allocated frequency bands: • Two pairs (data & pilot signals) in the 1164-1215 MHz (E5A and E5B) bands • Three signals (one split spectrum & one pair) in the 1215-1300 MHz (E6) band • Three signals (one split spectrum & one pair) in the 1559-1592 MHz (E2-L1-E1) band • One signal for SAR service in the L6 band ( 1544 MHz)

9. L6 GALILEO Signal – Services Allocation • The following signal / service allocation is foreseen: • The SAR broadcast is transmitted in the 406 MHz and in the L6 (1544MHz) bands

10. The GALILEO Services Navigation Related: • Open Service (OS) • Commercial Service (CS) • Safety-Of-Life Service (SAS) • Public Regulated Service (PRS) Non-navigation Related: • Search and Rescue Service (SAR) Further: • Locally Assisted Service • EGNOS Service • Combined Services (e.g. GPS, UMTS)

11. The GALILEO Services • Open Service (OS) • Free service; no service guarantees; no integrity information • Commercial Service (CS) • Managed by service providers; to be paid; value added functions added; integration with GSM, UMTS; service guarantees provided; integrity information through service provider • Safety-Of-Life Service (SAS) • Optimized for critical applications (e.g. aircraft, marine, train); integrity information provided; service guarantees provided • Public Regulated Service (PRS) • Exclusively for public applications (police, coast guards); very robust; encrypted signal; service guarantees; integrity information • Search and Rescue Service (SAR) • Service not related to navigation, but for augmentation of the existing COSPAR-SARSAT system

12. GALILEO Open Service Not Applicable

13. GALILEO Commercial Service • The performance data of the GALILEO Commercial Services are at least similar to those of the Open Services • The GALILEO Operating Company will determine and guarantee the performances • Commercial Services will include: • Dissimination of data (500 bps) • Broadcasting of two signals separated in frequency from Open Services • High precision navigation through local means • Utilization of pilot signal for integration of positioning applications and of wireless communication networks

14. GALILEO Safety Of Life Service 1 2 • Integrity data for critical level • Integrity data for non-critical level

15. GALILEO Public Regulated Service

16. GALILEO Search And Rescue Service

17. The Architecture of the GALILEO System-GALILEO Space Segment

18. The GALILEO Space Segment • Objective for the constellation design is to provide global services with respect to the navigation signal, the integrity signal and SAR services • Constellation shall be very robust even when a satellite fails, in order to maintain service guarantees • Constellation shall be as good for the professional areas (e.g. aviation) as for the civil mass markets; this influences the optimization with respect to the visibility • Optimization of the constellation has been carried out with respect to affordability

19. Inclination 56 degrees The GALILEO Satellite Constellation • 30 satellites in three Medium Earth Orbit MEO planes at 23616 km altitude • 1 satellite per orbital plane is a spare • Inclination of orbital planes 56 degrees • One revolution 14 hours 4 min • Ground track repeat 10 days

20. GALILEO Horizontal Accuracy

21. The GALILEO Satellite • Satellite mass: 680 kg • Satellite power: 1,6 kW • Navigation payload: 70-80 Kg / 850 W • Mass SAR transponder: 20 kg • No apogee-engine • Attitude & Orbit Control System (AOCS) is able to shift the satellite position within the orbit plane (spare S/C)

22. The Architecture of the GALILEO System-GALILEO Ground Segment

23. GALILEO Ground Segment • 2 redundant GALILEO Control Centers • 5 S-Band TT&C Stations (One 13m S-Band antenna per station) • 9 C-Band Mission Up-link Stations (Four 3.2m C-band antennae per station) • 26 antennae cover the integrity information of the full constellation, 5 cover the navigation services • 30 Sensor Stations (each station contains a double receiving chain, one for navigation, one for integrity)

24. COSPAS Leased SARSAT Satellite COSPAS Satellite Beacon Laser SARSAT Control Fwd OS CS PRS SoL Ranging MEOLUT Facilities USER USER USER USER User SAR USER Regional Service Integrity Centers Systems z x y Satellite Time COSPAS Geodetic Sat/Payload Leased Laser Reference SARSAT Reference Manufacturers Satellite Ranging Provider RLSP Provider OBSM Control Facilities Galileo Segments Permanent Link on-line External System or Facilities or Entity Permanent link off-line Non-permanent Link The GALILEO Architecture GALILEO Satellite Constellation Walker (27/3/1) + 3 spare Key Management Facility Local Component Demonstrator GROUND CONTROL SYSTEM GROUND MISSION SYSTEM

25. The GALILEO Ground Segment Locations • The locations of the GALILEO ground segment elements are chosen with respect to system security • Depending on the criticality and vulnerability of the element, the locations are selected as follows: • Control centers on European mainland • TT&C, Uplink Stations and Sensor Stations worldwide on European ground and in countries with bilateral agreements (e.g. ESA Network) • The protection level of the ground stations will be at least the same as for civil aviation infrastructures

26. Papeete Kourou New Norcia Proposed GALILEO TT&C Stations Kiruna Hartebeesthoek • Rem.: Utilization of the locations is matter of ongoing assessment

27. Location of GALILEO TT&C Stations

28. Vancouver Galapagos Toulouse Papeete Santiago Reunion Hartebees. Kourou Fidji New Norcia Kerguelen Proposed GALILEO Sensor Stations Kiruna Magadan Yellowknife Krasnoyarsk St. Pierre Masuda Djibouti Trivand. Libreville Port Moresby Rio Noumea East-Isl. Santiago Canberra Rio Grande • Rem.: Utilization of the locations is matter of ongoing assessment

29. The Security Policy of the GALILEO System

30. The GALILEO Security • GALILEO is a strategic program with strong economic implications; the system requires adequate protection • A GALILEO Security Board has been set-up by the European Commission to deal with the security issues of GALILEO • Members of the GALILEO Security Board (GSB) are: • The security representatives of all 15 EU countries • One security representative of the European Commission • One security expert of the European Space Agency as observer • One representative of those Countries, which are member of ESA, but which are not members of the EU, as observer • The members of the GSB are high level security officers from the governmental organizations

31. The GALILEO Master Schedule

32. DEPLOYMENT OPERATIONS DEFINITION DEV & VALIDATION 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 … Definition Development & Validation PHASE B2 PSDR CDR SQR PHASE CD In-Orbit Validation (IOV) IOVR Test Bed (GSTB) Full Deployment Operations Local Elements User Receiver / Applications Technology Developments PDR: Preliminary Design Review SQR: System Qualification Review Launches CDR: Critical Design Review IOVR: In-Orbit Validation Review The GALILEO Master Schedule

33. Information and Communication

34. The GALILEO Communication • Web: • http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo • http://www.esa.int/navigation • E-Mail: • Contact: tren-galileo@cec.eu.int