Respiratory System

1. Respiratory System

2. Entrance Question Name three organs of the Respiratory system.

3. Place your hands on either side of you rib cage and breathe deeply several times. Describe to me what you felt while you breathe out and in.

4. You should feel you rib cage moving up and expanding during inhalation and moving down during and returning to its initial size during exhalation.

5. Your body needs a continuous supply of oxygen in order to obtain energy from the foods you eat.

6. Breathing vs Respiration • Respiration is the entire process by which a body obtains and uses oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and water.

7. It is divided into 2 parts: Breathing and Cellular respiration.

8. Breathing • Breathing involves inhaling and exhaling.

9. Cellular Respiration The process where cells gain/obtain energy from food molecules.

10. Respiratory system- The lungs, throat and passageways that lead to the lungs.

11. Nose • The primary passageway into and out of the respiratory system.

12. Pharynx • upper portion of the throat. • It is the muscular tube located in the neck • lined with mucous membrane • connects the nose and mouth with the trachea (windpipe).

13. Continued… • Air, food and drink travels through the pharynx on the way to the stomach.

15. Larynx (voice box): • cartilaginous box-shaped part of the respiratory tract between back of the tongue and the top of the trachea. • organ for voice production, • containing the vocal cords. 

16. Trachea • a windpipe • the passageway for air traveling from the larynx to the lungs.

18. Epiglottis • a flap of cartilage at the base of the tongue • covers the opening to the air passages when swallowing to preventing food or liquids from entering the windpipe trachea.

19. Bronchi • The trachea splits into two tubes. One goes to each lung and branches into thousand of tiny tubes called bronchioles.

21. Alveolus • a tiny thin-walled air sac • found in large numbers in each lung • Where oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leaves the blood.

23. Lungs- a pair of elastic, spongy organs used in breathing and respiration. • Lungs are present in all mammals, birds, and reptiles. Most amphibians and a few species of fish also have lungs.

24. How do you breathe? • Breathing is done by rib muscles and the diaphragm. • Diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle underneath the lungs.

26. When the diaphragm contracts and moves down, it increases the chest cavity’s volume. At the same time, some of your rib muscles contract and lift your rib cage, causing it to expand. Air is sucked in.

27. Now let’s see that in action. • http://www.brainpop.com/health/respiratorysystem/respiration/

28. What happens to the oxygen? • The oxygen is: • absorbed by the red blood cells. • transported by the blood to the different areas of the body. • diffuses inside the cells.

29. The oxygen is used to: • release energy stored in molecules of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. • When the molecules are broken down they release a by-product called carbon dioxide and water.

30. The carbon dioxide leave the cells and return to the bloodstream. • The carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs and is exhaled.

31. Disorders of the respiratory system • Bronchitis • inflammation of the mucous membrane in the airways (bronchial tubes) of the lungs • from infection or irritation • causes breathing problems and severe coughing.

32. Asthma- • a disease of the respiratory system • sometimes caused by allergies, • symptoms: coughing, sudden difficulty in breathing, and a tight feeling in the chest

34. http://www.brainpop.com/health/diseasesandconditions/asthma/

35. Pneumonia- • inflammation of one or both lungs • caused by infection from a bacteria, virus, a chemical or physical irritant.

36. Streptococcus bacteria are responsible for infections such as strep throat, scarlet fever, and some types of pneumonia.

37. Emphysema • a chronic medical disorder of the lungs • air sacs are dilated or enlarged and lack flexibility • Leads to breathing impairment and sometimes infection.

38. This picture shows the effects of emphysema (caused by smoking) on lung tissue.

39. This dissection of human lung tissue shows light-colored cancerous tissue in the center of the photograph. At bottom center lies the heart. While normal lung tissue is light pink in color, the tissue surrounding the cancer is black and airless, the result of a tarlike residue left by cigarette smoke.

40. Smoking- Roll that beautiful lung footage • http://www.brainpop.com/health/personalhealth/smoking/

41. 20 minutes after quitting: Your blood pressure drops to a level close to that before the last cigarette. The temperature of your hands and feet increases to normal. (US Surgeon General's Report,1988, pp. 39, 202) • When Smokers Quit - What Are the Benefits Over Time? • 8 hours after quitting: The carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal. (US Surgeon General's Report,1988, p. 202)

42. 24 hours after quitting: Your chance of a heart attack decreases. (US Surgeon General's Report,1988, p. 202) • 2 weeks to 3 months after quitting: Your circulation improves and your lung function increases up to 30%. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, pp.193,194,196,285,323)

43. 1 to 9 months after quitting: Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, and shortness of breath decrease; cilia (tiny hair like structures that move mucus out of the lungs) regain normal function in the lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce infection. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, pp. 304, 307, 319, 322) • 1 year after quitting: The excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker's. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p. vi)

44. 5 years after quitting: Your stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker 5-15 years after quitting. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.79) • 10 years after quitting: The lung cancer death rate is about half that of a continuing smoker's. The risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decrease. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.110, 147, 152, 155, 159,172)

45. 15 years after quitting: The risk of coronary heart disease is that of a nonsmoker's. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.79)

46. 20 minutes after quitting: Your blood pressure drops to a level close to that before the last cigarette. The temperature of your hands and feet increases to normal. (US Surgeon General's Report,1988, pp. 39, 202) • When Smokers Quit - What Are the Benefits Over Time? • 8 hours after quitting: The carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal. (US Surgeon General's Report,1988, p. 202) • 24 hours after quitting: Your chance of a heart attack decreases. (US Surgeon General's Report,1988, p. 202) • 2 weeks to 3 months after quitting: Your circulation improves and your lung function increases up to 30%. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, pp.193,194,196,285,323) • 1 to 9 months after quitting: Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, and shortness of breath decrease; cilia (tiny hair like structures that move mucus out of the lungs) regain normal function in the lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce infection. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, pp. 304, 307, 319, 322) • 1 year after quitting: The excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker's. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p. vi) • 5 years after quitting: Your stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker 5-15 years after quitting. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.79) • 10 years after quitting: The lung cancer death rate is about half that of a continuing smoker's. The risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decrease. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.110, 147, 152, 155, 159,172) • 15 years after quitting: The risk of coronary heart disease is that of a nonsmoker's. (US Surgeon General's Report, 1990, p.79)

47. Exit question What is the function of the respiratory system?