chapter 22 review questions including guidebook questions see handout for ap questions

1. Chapter 22Review Questions

3. The _____ _____ was originally established to provide food, clothes, and education for emancipated slaves. Freedmen�s Bureau

4. Lincoln�s original plan for Reconstruction in 1863 was that a state could be re-instated into the Union when 10% of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union and pledged to abide by emancipation

5. The ___ ___ passed by many of the Southern state governments in ___ aimed to ensure a stable and subservient labor force under white control. Black Codes 1865

6. The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in a decisive defeat for Johnson and a veto-proof Republican Congress

7. In contrast to radical Republicans, moderate Republicans generally favored _____ _____ and opposed _____ _____ _____ in individuals� lives. states� rights direct federal intervention

8. Besides putting the South under the rule of federal soldiers, the _____ _____ Act of 1867 required that Southern states give blacks the vote as a condition of readmittance to the Union. Military Reconstruction Act

9. What did the Fourteenth amendment provide for? full citizenship and civil rights for former slaves

10. The Fifteenth Amendment provided for voting rights for former slaves

11. Women�s-rights leaders opposed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because the amendments granted citizenship and voting rights to black and white men but not to women

12. The right to vote encouraged southern black men to organize the ____ ____ as a vehicle for political empowerment and self-defense. Union League

13. The radical Reconstruction regimes in the Southern states included ____, ____, and ____. white Northerners, white Southerners, and blacks

14. Most of the Northern �carpetbaggers� were actually _____, _____, or _____. former Union soldiers, businessmen, or professionals

15. The radical Republicans� impeachment of President Andrew Johnson resulted in a failure to convict and remove Johnson by a margin of only one vote

16. The skeptical public finally accepted Seward�s purchase of Alaska because Russia had been the only great power friendly to the Union during the Civil War

17. The ____ was economically devastated by the war. South

18. Military defeat in the Civil War brought white Southerners to _____ the reality of Northern political domination. reject

19. The newly freed slaves often used their liberty to travel or seek lost loved ones

20. What became the focus of black community life after emancipation? the black church

21. Lincoln�s ______ Reconstruction plan was designed to return the Southern states to the Union quickly and with few restrictions. �10 percent�

22. Johnson had been a ____ white who opposed the ____ ____. poor planter elite

23. The cause of black education was greatly advanced by Northern white female _____ who came _____ after the Civil War. teachers South

24. The enactment of the Black Codes in the South _____ those who supported a moderate approach to Reconstruction and _____ the radicals. weakened strengthened

25. Congressional Republicans demanded that the Southern states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in order to be readmitted to the Union

26. Redistribution of land was _____ by moderates and never became part of reconstruction. opposed

27. During Reconstruction, blacks controlled only one house of one state legislature. Which state? South Carolina

28. The _______ Reconstruction legislature enacted educational and other reforms in Southern state government. Republican

29. The ____ was organized primarily because of white southerners� resentment of blacks� growing political power. KKK

30. Johnson�s impeachment was essentially an act of political vindictiveness by radical _____. Republicans

31. The moderate Republican plan for Reconstruction failed to deal with the deeper economic and social aftermath of ____. slavery

32. What was a common term for blacks newly liberated from slavery? freedmen

33. What was the federal agency that greatly assisted blacks educationally but failed in other aid efforts? Freedmen�s Bureau

34. After slavery, what was the largest African American denomination (church)? Baptist

35. What was the fate of the defeated Confederate leaders? They were pardoned in 1868 (after brief jail terms)

36. Describe the economy in the postwar South? Devastated

37. At the end of the Civil War, how did many white Southerners feel about secession? They still believed it was correct

38. Which Amendment freed all slaves? 13th

39. Describe freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War. It came haltingly and unevenly throughout the former Confederacy.

40. What term refers to harsh Southern state laws of 1865 that limited black rights and imposed restrictions to ensure black labor supply? Black Codes

41. What did emancipation mean for blacks? The ability to search for lost family members The right to legally get married The opportunity to form their own churches The opportunity for an education

42. What term refers to Republican Reconstructionists who favored a more rapid restoration of Southern state governments and opposed radical plans for drastic economic transformation of the South? Moderates

43. In what year were blacks able to begin traveling to test their freedom, search for loved ones, and seek economic opportunity? 1865

44. The �Exodusters� westward movement was to _____. Kansas

45. What term refers to Republican Reconstructionists who favored keeping the South out of the federal government until a complete social and economic revolution was accomplished in the region? Radicals

46. What agency did some white southerners view as meddlesome and threatening to white racial dominance? Freedman�s Bureau

47. What black political organization promoted self-help and defense of political rights? Union League

48. When did the �Exodusters� westward mass migration falter? When steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi

49. What was the Supreme Court ruling that military tribunals could not try civilians when the civil courts were open? Ex Parte Milligan

50. What was the greatest achievement of the Freedman�s Bureau? education

51. What was the derogatory term for white Southerners who cooperated with the Republican Reconstruction governments? Scalawags

52. How did President Johnson feel about the Freedman�s Bureau? Thought that it should be abolished

53. What was the derogatory term for Northerners who came South during Reconstruction and sometimes took part in Republican state governments? Carpetbaggers

54. Why was Johnson named as Lincoln�s second-term vice president? Politics � because he would attract War Democrats and pro-Union southerners

55. Which Amendment guaranteed black males the right to vote? 15th

56. President Johnson developed a political reputation as a champion of what segment of society? Poor whites

57. What phrase refers to Seward�s purchase of Alaska in 1867? �Seward�s Folly�

58. Why was controversy of the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states important? It revealed deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress

59. Who was the pro-black general who led an agency that tried to assist the freedmen? Oliver O. Howard

60. Why did Lincoln advocate a 10 percent plan for Reconstruction? To quickly readmit Southern states into the Union

61. What was the first congressional attempt to guarantee black rights in the South? It passed over Johnson�s veto. Civil Rights Bill of 1866

62. Who became the leader of the Senate Republican radicals during Reconstruction? Charles Sumner

63. Who became leader of the radical Republican s in the House of Representatives? Thaddeus Stevens

64. ________ viewed the Southern states as �conquered provinces� that had completely left the Union and were therefore at the mercy of the Congress for readmission. Congressional Republicans

65. ________ were blacks who left the South for Kansas and elsewhere during Reconstruction. Exodusters

66. In his plan for Reconstruction, what was President Johnson�s goal? To swiftly restore the southern states after a few basic conditions were met

67. What was the main purpose of the Black Codes? Ensure a stable and subservient labor force

68. What did the Black Codes include? A ban on jury service by blacks A bar on blacks from renting land Punishment of blacks for idleness Fines for blacks who jumped labor contracts

69. Who was the black Republican senator from Mississippi during Reconstruction? Hiram Revels

70. How did Northerners feel about the Black Codes and the South? The codes were evidence that the South was acting as if they had won the war � instead of losing it.

71. _____ were laws designed to stamp out KKK terrorism in the South. Force Acts of 1870 and 1871

72. For Congressional Republicans, what was the most troubling aspect of the Southern states� quick restoration to the Union? That even with the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in national politics

73. What incident caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open? Johnson�s veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen�s Bureau

74. What was the first and only ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866 and thus be immediately readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction? Tennessee

75. What did the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee? Citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves

76. Which amendment prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding public office? Fourteenth

77. Voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction in the _____ congressional elections. 1866

78. What was the root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson? Johnson�s �soft� treatment of the white South

79. What did both moderate and radical Republicans agree that freed slaves must be granted? Right to vote

80. When did radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally end? In 1877 when the last federal troops were removed

81. Which amendments are considered Reconstruction era constitutional amendments? 13th, 14th, 15th

82. Why were feminist leaders especially disappointed with the 14th amendment? It specified for the first time in the Constitution that only males could vote.

83. Blacks in the South relied on the ____ ____ to educate them on their civic duties. Union League

84. What new political roles did African American women assume during Reconstruction? Participating in black church life Monitoring state constitutional conventions Participating in political rallies Organizing mass meetings

85. What were two positive results of the radical Reconstruction state governments? They passed much desirable legislation They passed badly needed reforms

86. Where was political corruption common during Reconstruction? Both North and South

87. The ____ and the ____ helped suppress the KKK> Force Acts Union Army

88. What was the primary motivation for the formation and early growth of the KKK? White resentment of the ability and success of black legislators

89. Despite opposition, the KKK was able to achieve its central goal of what? Intimidating blacks and undermining them politically

90. Regarding Johnson�s impeachment, what was the official charge from the House of Representatives? Violation of the Tenure of Office Act

91. Who was President Johnson charged with improperly removing from office? Secretary of War Stanton

92. In 1867, Secretary of State Seward purchased Alaska from _____. Russia NOTE: It was the Johnson administration�s greatest success in foreign relations.

93. Why did the Senate vote to acquit President Johnson? Opposition to abusing the Constitutional system of checks and balances Concern about the person who would become president Fears of creating a destabilization period Johnson�s promise to stop obstructing Republican policies

94. How might Reconstruction have been more successful? If Thaddeus Steven�s radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted

95. What was the constitutionally questionable law that President Johnson was accused of violating? Tenure of Office Act

96. Who was the president pro tempore of the Senate who hoped to become president of the U.S. after Johnson�s impeachment conviction? Benjamin Wade