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Evolution of Living Things: Changes in Species Over Time

Explore the evolution of living species over time and how environmental changes can affect populations. Learn about the different types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.

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Evolution of Living Things: Changes in Species Over Time

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  1. theBIGidea CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Evolution of Living Things Species develop and change over time. Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. 6.1 6.2 Species change over time. 6.3 Environmental changes can affect populations. 6.4 Many types of evidence support evolution.

  2. 6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.4.b Students know the history of life on Earth has been disrupted by major catastrophic events, such as major volcanic eruptions or the impacts of asteroids. 7.4.e Students know fossils provide evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed. extinction mass extinction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  3. VISUALIZATION CLASSZONE.COM Explore how fossils form. 6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. Fossil records tell us about the development of life on Earth. extinction Information from fossils can help scientist reconstruct Earth’s history. mass extinction 250 million years ago 70 million years ago 55 million years ago CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  4. 6.2 Species change over time. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.3.a Students know both genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and diversity of organisms. 7.3.b Students know the reasoning used by Charles Darwin in reaching his conclusion that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution. evolution natural selection population genetic variation adaptation environmental factors speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  5. 6.2 Species change over time. Darwin's theory of natural selection explains evolution. evolution Four principals of natural selection are natural selection • overproduction population genetic variation adaptation environmental factors speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  6. 6.2 Species change over time. Darwin's theory of natural selection explains evolution. evolution Four principals of natural selection are natural selection • overproduction population genetic variation • variation adaptation environmental factors speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  7. 6.2 Species change over time. Darwin's theory of natural selection explains evolution. evolution Four principals of natural selection are natural selection • overproduction population genetic variation • variation adaptation • adaptation environmental factors speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  8. SIMULATION Match different finch beaks with the foods they eat, and learn how each beak functions. 6.2 Species change over time. Darwin's theory of natural selection explains evolution. evolution Four principals of natural selection are natural selection • overproduction population genetic variation • variation adaptation • adaptation environmental factors • selection speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  9. 6.3 Environmental changes can affect populations. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.3.e Students know that extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and that the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient for its survival. immigration emigration limiting factor CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  10. 6.3 Environmental changes can affect populations. • Population increase through births and immigration and decrease through deaths and emigration. immigration • Limiting factors such as food, shelter, disease, and the effects of sudden events control population size. emigration limiting factor • Most extinctions occur population by population over time. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  11. 6.4 Many types of evidence support evolution. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.2.e Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell. 7.3.c Students know how independent lines of evidence from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy provide the bases for the theory of evolution. theory ancestor vestigial organ CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  12. fossil evidence genetic evidence biological evidence 6.4 Many types of evidence support evolution. Three different types of evidence provide a bigger picture of evolution theory ancestor vestigial organ CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

  13. 6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. I. Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. extinction mass extinction • A. Fossils provide evidence of earlier life. • B. More complex organisms developed over time. • 1. Early Forms of Life • 2. Multicellular Organisms • 3. Life on Land • C. Earth’s history includes mass extinctions. • 1. Permian Extinction • 2. Cretaceous Extinction CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

  14. 6.2 Species change over time. II. Species change over time. evolution • A. Scientists explore the concept of evolution. natural selection • 1. Early Ideas population • 2. Darwin’s Observations genetic variation • B. Natural selection explains how new species evolve. adaptation environmental factors • 1. Overproduction • 2. Variation speciation • 3. Adaptation • 4. Selection CHAPTER RESOURCES • C. New species develop from earlier species. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

  15. 6.3 Environmental changes can affect populations. III. Environmental changes can affect populations. immigration • Population size is limited by environmental conditions. emigration • Populations increase through births and immigration. limiting factor • Many factors limit population size. • 1. Competition • 2. Predators • 3. Disease • 4. Catastrophic events D. The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt change. CHAPTER RESOURCES • 1. How Extinction Happens KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY • 2. Extinction and Species Replacement

  16. 6.4 Many types of evidence support evolution. III. Many types of evidence support evolution. theory • A. Observations provide evidence for theories. ancestor • B. Fossil evidence supports evolution. vestigial organ • C. Biological evidence supports evolution. • 1. Similarities in Structure • 2. Similarities in Development • D. Genetic evidence supports evolution. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

  17. CLASSZONE.COM CHAPTER HOME Chapter Resources Image Gallery Click here to review chapter images and animations Review Game Play a fun interactive review game Animations Link to all the McDougal Littell Science animations Click on the items below to access resources on Content Review Review key concepts and vocabulary Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings Resource Center Get more information on select science topics Math Tutorial Review math concepts Standardized Test Practice Practice state standardized tests BACK TO CHAPTER

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