The world never looked the same again …

1. The world never looked the same again …

2. 2 According to relativistic physics, space contracts as speed increases. At the speed of light all space is here all time is now For us, time seems to be instant by instant, although we never seem able to capture that instant. As soon as we try to think of the present moment (the now) it has already become the past ….. and has therefore slipped away. Nor is it possible to try and see the present before it arrives, because it is still in the future …. and is therefore out of reach. “There is no there, there.” Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) Gertrude Stein (Picasso, 1906)

3. 3 Hermann Minkowski expressed the scientific point-of-view in 1908. “Henceforth space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.” Picasso had already expressed the artistic point of view in 1907. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

4. 4 Dove with Green Peas (Picasso, 1912) “Both art and physics attempt to assemble from parts a whole which by itself is indistinct in such a way that the resulting order creates distinctness and clarity.” Cubism and Relativity in a letter from Albert Einstein, Art Journal XXV, 1946 “These new works look like a bunch of little cubes.” (Louis Vauxcelles)

5. 5 Normally, to view a cube the viewer must walk around the object, thus requiring relocation to different points in space and, sequentially, to different moments in time. In the cubist world, the viewer doesn’t have to move either in space or time. Perspective (depth) and causality (time) are absent.

6. 6 view of square from 3-d space view of square from within 2-d space view of cube from within 3-d space unwrapped cube within 3-d space view of cube from 4-d space

7. 7 Cubism provided the first new way to perceive space since Euclid 2300 years earlier. Cubist painters fused Monet’s single-viewpoint series into single works with multiple viewpoints. Gare St. Lazare(Monet, 1877) Violin(Picasso, 1912) Multiple paintings, single viewpoint Single painting, multiple viewpoint

8. Although the velocity of light is constant for all observers, the frequency of emitted light from moving objects will appear different. If the tram moves towards the observer, he will see the light as if its frequency were greater (it appears bluer); if it is moving away, he will see the light as if its frequency were lower (it appears redder). This is the well-known Doppler effect. 8 stationary approaching receding

9. What do you think an artist is? An imbecile who has only eyes if he’s a painter, or ears if he’s a musician, or a lyre at every level of his heart if he’s a poet, or even, if he’s a boxer, just his muscles? On the contrary, he’s at the same time a political being, constantly alive to heartrending, fiery, or happy events, to which he responds in every way[. . . .] No, painting is not done to decorate apartments. It is an instrument of war for attack and defense against the enemy. [Pablo Picasso, Statement, in Chipp, Theories of Modern Art, 487.]

11. cube, from Greek. kubos a cube 1. Geom. The regular solid of six equal square sides. 2. Math. The third power; the product got by taking a number or quantity three times as a factor.

13. When and what? • 1906 - 1914 • Three stages: • Early Cubism 1906 – 1909 • Analytical Cubism1909 – 1912 • Synthetic Cubism1912 - 1914 The Weeping Woman, Picasso 1937

14. Scientific influenceE=MC2 • AFRICAN MASKS • ORIENTAL ART ETHNOGRAPHIC INFLUENCE

15. Cubism was developed between about 1908-1912 in a collaboration between Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. Their main influence is said to have and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was not long-lived, but it began an immense creative explosion through all of 20th century art .

16. P A U L C E Z A N N E Mont St. Victoire

17. In Cubism the subject matter is broken up, analyzed, and reassembled in an abstractedform. Picasso and Braque started the movement when they followed the advice of Paul Cézanne, who in 1904 said artists should treat nature "in terms of the cylinder the sphere and the cone

18. Photo 1896 Self-Portrait 1906 Self-Portrait A man once criticized Picasso for creating unrealistic art. Picasso asked him: “Can you show me some realistic art?” The man showed him a photograph of his wife. Picasso observed: “So your wife is two inches tall, two-dimensional, with no arms and no legs, and no color but only shades of gray?”

19. Won a contest at 16yrs. old!

20. Timeline: Picasso’s Life (1881-1973)

21. Picasso’s Life • Pablo Picasso (born Pablo Ruiz after his father) was a Spanish painter and sculptor. He was best known as the cofounder of Cubism. • Picasso was born in Málaga, Spain on October 25, 1881. • He was dyslexic. • His father was a painter and the first to teach Picasso about the arts. • Picasso was married twice and had an affair resulting in a child. In total, Picasso had four children. • Picasso remained neutral during both world wars and the Spanish Civil war. He encouraged the idea that he was a pacifist without ever saying it directly. Some of his contemporaries considered his neutrality to be due more to cowardice than pacifism. • Picasso died on April 8, 1973 in France while he and his wife were entertaining friends at dinner. His final words were, “Drink to me, drink to my health, you know I can't drink any more.”

23. Categories • Picasso’s earliest works are usually grouped into five separate categories: • The Blue Period (1901-1904) • The Rose Period (1905-1907) • The African-Influenced Period (1908-1909) • Analytic Cubism (1909-1912) • Synthetic Cubism (1912-1919)

24. Pablo Picasso was trained to paint by his father at a young age. By his early 20s, he had moved to Paris, and changed his earth-toned colors to an emotionally expressive palette such as is seen in his Blue period. The death of his closest friend, and financial troubles in Paris led him to create images of thin, depressed people using predominantly blue tones.

25. Blue Period (1901-1904) • Picasso’s Blue Period paintings are usually somber paintings in varying shades of blue or blue-green with occasional warm colors. • Picasso’s paintings at this time were largely influenced by a trip through Spain and the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas. • Picasso did several posthumous portraits of Casagemas, such as “La Vie” La Vie

26. BLUE PERIOD

27. ROSE PERIOD Picasso’s blue period lasted a few years, and was replaced with brighter colors when the artist's life circumstances improved. Collectors started to buy his works and he is believed to have fallen in love. Historians call this his Rose period because of the pinks and reds that started to appear in his works. For some reason, the lives of carnival people was one of the subjects that was common in these paintings

28. Rose Period (1905-1907) • During the Rose Period, Picasso used more cheerful colors especially pink and orange. • Many of the paintings from this time were influenced by a model named Fernande Olivier, whom Picasso had a pleasant relationship with. The Girl with a Goat

29. ROSE PERIOD

30. Back to 3 Cubists Georges Braque 1882- 1963 “When we created Cubism, we had no intention of creating Cubism, but of expressing what was inside us.” Clarinet and Bottle of Rum on a mantelpiece, 1911

31. Pablo Picasso1881- 1973 “We all know that art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realise the truth ..” Bowl of Fruit, Violin and Bottle, 1914

32. African-Influence Period (1907-1909) • The first example of Picasso painting with African influence is found in the two figures on the right in the painting “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.” • The two figures are modeled after African artifacts. • Most likely a coincidence, “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.” is an anagram for vile meaningless doodles. • Many of the ideas formed during this period developed into cubism. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.

33. Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. Paris, June-July 1907. Oil on canvas, 8' x 7' MOMA, New York

34. Braque: Houses at La Estaque 1909 Picasso: Landscape with Bridge 1909

35. After 1909, Picasso and Braque developed Analytical Cubism. They replaced bright colors, with monochromatic earth tones. One goal of these paintings is to depict different viewpoints simultaneously. Traditionally, an object is always viewed from one specific viewpoint and at one specific (stopped) moment in time. Picasso and Braque wanted to represent an object as if they are viewing it from several angles and/or at different moments in time. The danger was that many of the works of this period are completely incomprehensible to the viewer, as they start to lose all sense of form.

36. Analytic Cubism • Analytic Cubism is a style developed by Picasso and Georges Braque. • Analytic cubism takes apart objects and paints them in their basic geometric shapes. • Picasso’s paintings during this time are usually a single shade of brown and closely resemble those of Braque. Harbor in Normandy (Georges Braque)

37. Analytical Cubism:breaking down of the subject and the space around it into angular planes or facets that record different viewpoints and information; no interest in colour or texture Clarinet and Bottle of Rum on a mantelpiece, Braque 1911

38. Analysis of form How did Cubism change the way we see the world? • Flat colour – no illusion of 3D by using shading or tonal modelling • Objects painted from different angles • Complex interlocking shapes create feelings of tension & anxiety in viewer • Vertical or diagonal plane lines disrupt the composition • Details are edited out = simplify, select & modify from nature

39. 39 Multiple viewpoints are evident in Picasso’s work. The hat indicates eye-level. The face has one viewpoint for the eyes, another for the mouth and a third for the nose The floor indicates downward The ceiling indicates upward The chair has at least two points of view Portrait of Marie-Thérèse Walter(Pablo Picasso, 1937)

40. GUITAR PLAYER, 1910

41. GUITAR PLAYER, 1910

42. Picasso – Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (1915 [left] and 1910 [right])

43. PORTRAIT OF AMBROISE VOLLARD, 1910

44. Synthetic Cubism Artists grew tired of Analytical Cubism, and a new development in Cubism called Synthetic emerged. Picasso and Braque introduced new and controversial changes by adding collaged objects into their paintings.

45. Posted wall, Dijon, 1901

46. Le Journal, November 18, 1912, p. 1 Pablo Picasso. Guitar, Sheet Music, and Glass (after November 18, 1912). Pasted paper, gouache, and charcoal.

47. Synthetic Cubism • Synthetic cubism was similar to but more developed than Analytic Cubism. • Picasso began using a variety of colors during this period, not just similar shades of brown. • This style was the first to use collage in fine, formal art. Three musicians

48. Synthetic Cubism:collages of interlocked fragments of newspaper, wallpaper, and labels with fragments of painting, drawing and writing; colour reintroduced & texture & pattern Bottle, Glass, Guitar and newspaper, Picasso 1913 Back to questions

49. Still Life with Chair Cane, 1912,integrates chair caning with the paint, framed with a length of rope. Guitar, Sheet Music and Glass, 1912, includes various collaged papers: wall paper, a page of sheet music, a drawing of an abstracted glass, and a newspaper clipping which includes the headline, "The battle has begun" (in French) referring to the revolution of representation the artists are achieving by introducing objects of the real world into their "paintings".

50. wallpaper Sheet music paper Abstract glass Newspaper-the battle has begun