The 60’s

1. The 60’s U.S. History 11

2. Lyndon Johnson • 36th President- from 1963-67 • “Great Society” • Similar to Kennedy’s goals and ideas • Civil Rights Act- 1964 • Outlawed discrimination in voting and public places, education, and public accommodations • War on Poverty  Economic Opportunity Act • Job Corps, VISTA,

3. Other Great Society Goals • Medicare (medical aid to the elderly) and Medicaid (medical aid to the poor and disabled) • 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act • Increased funding for Native American, inner city, and Mexican American schools • Water Quality Act (1965) • Clean Water Restoration Act (1966) • National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (1966)

4. Other Great Society Goals • Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 • Changing America’s quota system • National Endowment for the Arts and Humanities (1965) • Overall benefits of “Great Society” Programs • Poverty declined • Infant mortality rates declined • Aid to elderly and poverty stricken • Head Start

5. 60’s Cultural Changes • 70 million children from the post-war baby boom became teenagers and young adults • Movement away from the conservatives of the fifties continued and eventually resulted in revolutionary ways of thinking and real change • No longer content to be images of the generation ahead of them, young people wanted change • The changes affected education, values, lifestyles, laws, and entertainment 

7. 60’s Art • Art of the sixties was influenced by the desire to move into the modern age or future which the space age seemed to forecast • Major works by  Alexander Calder (mobiles and sculpture) or Helen Frankenthaler (non-representational art) showed a desire to escape from  details to interpret • Artists wanted to inspire the viewer to leap into the unknown and experience art in their own way • A new artist who appeared was  Andy Warhol, a leading name in pop art.

8. 60’s Literature • Literature also reflected what was happening in the political arenas and social issues • Harper Lee's Pulitzer prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird - described the turmoil of race relations • Gwendolyn Brooks, Maya Angelou  and Margaret Walker Alexander helped create new insights on feminism, race and gender • Sylvia Plath  (The Bell Jar) and Mary McCarthy (The Group) spoke of women in roles outside of the happy wife and mother of the fifties • Women like Betty Friedan, author of  The Feminine Mystique, and Gloria Steinem, led the way for many women • Disillusionment with the system was the theme of books like Catch-22 and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.

10. 60’s Education • College campuses became centers of debate and scenes of protest more than ever before • Great numbers of young adults reaching military draft age and not yet voting age caused a struggle •  1966 - James S. Coleman published Equality of Educational Opportunity • landmark study that led the way to forced integration and busing in the 1970s • Problems in secondary schools were being addressed • A return to the teaching of basic thinking skills • Phonics made a come back

11. 60’s Education • The first teacher allowed to teach pregnant (and showing) in Clear Creek School District • It was the end of 1968

12. 60’s Fads •  California surfers took to skateboards as a way to stay fit out of season • By 1963, the fad had spread across the country • Barbie dolls, introduced by Mattel in 1959, became a huge success • Rival toy manufacturer Hasbro came up with G. I. Joe, the first action figure for boys • The troll was a good luck symbol for all ages •  Slot cars overtook toy trains in popularity

14. 60’s Fashion • Crew cuts on men and bouffant hairstyles on women • Men's casual  shirts were often plaid and buttoned down the front • Knee-length dresses were required wear for women in most public places • By mid-decade, miniskirts or  hot pants, often worn with go-go boots, were revealing legs, body wear was revealing curves, and women's hair was either very short or long and lanky

16. 60’s Fashion • Men's hair became longer and wider, with beards and moustaches • Men's wear had bright colors, double-breasted sports jackets, polyester pants suits with Nehru jackets, and turtlenecks • By the end of the decade, ties were up to 5" wide, patterned even when worn with stripes • Women wore peasant skirts or granny dresses and chunky shoes • Unisex dressing was popular, featuring bell bottomed jeans, love beads, and embellished t-shirts • African Americans of both genders wore their hair in an afro.

18. 60’s Music • In 1960, Elvis returned to the music scene from the US Army • The Tamla Motown Record Company came on the scene, specializing in black rhythm and blues • Emergence of female groups such as Gladys Knight and the Pips, Martha and the Vandellas, the Supremes, and Aretha Franklin • As well as some black men, including Smokey Robinson, James Brown, Jimi Hendrix, and the  Temptations 

20. 60’s Music • Bob Dylan brought a folk music revival, along with Joan Baez and Peter, Paul & Mary • The Beach Boys began recording music that appealed to high-schoolers • British Invasion- The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Who • The Righteous Brothers were a popular white duo who used African American styling to create a distinctive sound.

22. 60’s Music • There was a major change in popular music in the mid-1960's, caused in part by the drug scene •  Jefferson Airplane  and the Grateful Dead grew out of the counterculture in 1967 • Woodstock 1969- a three day music festival that drew 400,000 hippies and featured peace, love, and happiness...and drugs • By the end of the decade, popular music was also using synthesizers and other electronic devices.

24. 60’s Theater • By 1960, Broadway productions had become too expensive for average families • Producers resorted to musicals and works proven elsewhere • Even Off-Broadway was feeling the economic pinch leading to the advent of  off-off-Broadway, where innovative shows and new writers could get a start  • By 1966, for the first time, more actors were employed outside New York City than in it • It was a great decade for musicals, including  Camelot, Hello Dolly,  Oliver,  Man of La Mancha,  Hair,  and  Funny Girl

26. 60’s Film • After Marilyn Monroe died, Audrey Hepburn was the idol of young girls • Disney offered more family entertainment in 101 Dalmatians and Pinocchio • Movies became more political, commenting on the arms race as in Dr. Strangelove • Sex became more explicit as in Midnight Cowboy,  Bob and Carol and Ted and Alice,  and  The Graduate

27. 60’s Film • Six James Bond Movies, including Dr. No, From Russia With Love, and Goldfinger, combined sex and violence and were enormously popular • Previous taboos on sex, violence and language, were ignored, resulting in the need for a new film code by the MPAA • 1968- The film review board is replaced by the new rating system (what we use today)

29. 60’s TV • Prime time cartoon show,  the Flintstones • It appealed to both children and adults and set off a trend that included  Alvin & the Chipmunks, the Jetsons, and Mr. Magoo • Andy Griffith Show, Beverly Hillbillies, Bewitched, The Addams Family,  My Favorite Martian, I Dream of Jeannie, Star Trek

30. 60’s Sports • Baseball- Willie Mays, Roberto Clemente, Sandy Koufax, and Bob Gibson • Football- Abner Haynes, Jim Nance, and Joe Namath • Basketball- Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, Elvin Hayes and Elgin Baylor • Arthur Ashe- the first black man to win the U.S. Tennis Championship  title in 1968 • Arnold Palmer dominated golf • Boxing- Muhammad Ali

32. 60’s Technology and Events • Birth Control Pill • Abortion and artificial insemination legalized • Prayer in school is unconstitutional • Surgeon general declares smoking a health hazard • The first clone of a vertebrate, a South African tree frog •  Dr. Denton Cooley implanted the first artificial heart in a human • It kept the patient alive for three days until a human heart could be transplanted

33. 60’s Technology and Events • Civil Rights Movement • Equal rights for African Americans, Latin Americans, Native Americans, and women • Bay of Pigs • Cuban Missile Crisis • Vietnam War • Assassinations of JFK, Malcolm X, MLK Jr., RFK, Medgar Evers, Che Guevara • First men and women in space and moon landings • Term “blacks” is a more socially accepted term, replacing “negro”

34. 60’s Technology and Events • Nelson Mandela sentenced to life in prison • Los Angeles Riots • Black Panther Party established • Mass Draft Protests • Thurgood Marshall Becomes the First African-American U.S. Supreme Court Justice • First Super Bowl • Tet Offensive • Zodiac serial killer • Mai Lai Massacre

35. 60’s Technology and Events • ARPANET, the Precursor of the Internet, Created • Manson Family Murders • Woodstock