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KIMIA BAHAN ALAM (KBA) PENDAHULUAN

KIMIA BAHAN ALAM (KBA) PENDAHULUAN. Dosen Pengampu : Harwoko, M.Sc., Apt. D r. Warsinah, M.Si., Apt. Lab oratorium Biologi Farmasi FKIK Unsoed. Experiencing. Applying. Publishing. Generalizing. Processing. THE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING CYCLE. KIMIA BAHAN ALAM.

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KIMIA BAHAN ALAM (KBA) PENDAHULUAN

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  1. KIMIA BAHAN ALAM(KBA)PENDAHULUAN Dosen Pengampu : Harwoko, M.Sc., Apt. Dr. Warsinah, M.Si., Apt. Laboratorium BiologiFarmasi FKIK Unsoed

  2. Experiencing Applying Publishing Generalizing Processing THE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING CYCLE

  3. KIMIA BAHAN ALAM Their presence, roles in the drug discovery (via lead compounds), chemoprevention and phytopharmaca

  4. ReFresh Natural Resources (Flora, animals (terrestrial), microorganisms, marine organisms, Human biochemistry) METABOLISM Primary metabolites (sakarida, peptida, lipida, nukleotida) • SECONDARY METABOLITES: • Terpenoid • Alkaloid • Glikosida • Flavonoid • etc. • Molekul BM tinggi • Struktur sama (semua organisme) • Sumber energi  kelangsungan hidup • Struktur bervariasi & khas @ organisme • BM relatif kecil, jumlah minor • Origins of Secondary Metabolites: • defense • waste products of metabolism • evolutionary mistakes • unknown dipelajari dlm BIOKIMIA Bidang kajian FITOKIMIA (KIMIA organik BAHAN ALAM)

  5. PERAN EKOLOGIS BAHAN ALAM: • Melindungi tumbuhan dari serangan herbivora dan infeksi mikroba • Penarik serangga atau hewan penyerbuk dan penebar biji • Agen alelopati yang berperan dalam kompetisi antar spesies tumbuhan. • BUT • They are NOT essential for the growth andreproduction(They refers to Secondary Metabolites).

  6. The roles of secondary metabolites in plants Responsible for flower’s scents SURVIVAL Rotten smell Parfumes Responsible in the dry season by closing the stomata of the leaves, Evaporation is limited Alkaloids Bitter taste

  7. MAJOR TYPES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES (metabolit sekunder) SKRININGFITOKIMIA • PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS • - Flavonoids, Anthraquinones etc. • TERPENOID COMPOUNDS • - Eugenol, Carotenoids, Taxol, Oleanolic acid etc. • ALKALOIDS • - Vincristine, quinine, camptothecineetc. • POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS • EGCG (Epi Gallo Catechin gallate) etc. • POLYKETIDE COMPOUNDS • - Discodermolide etc.

  8. Alasan Pentingnya Obat Bahan Alam • Sumber bahan obat utama yang tidak mungkin utk disintesis. • BA menyediakan bahan dasar yg dapat disintesis menjadi lebih efektif & kurang toksik (ex.: morfina) • Sebagai prototipe atau model utk obat2 sintetik ygaktivitasnya = senyawa aslinya, misal: • Atropina (antikolinergik)  Homatropine  Glycopyrrolate • Ephedrina (adrenomimetik)  PAA  Tetrahydrozoline • Kokaina (anastetik lokal) prokaina From Poppy to Morphine 4.Beberapa OBA memiliki aktivitas yg lemah bahkan tidak ada, akan tetapi mampu untuk dimodifikasi secara kimia & biologis menghasilkan bahan obat yg potensial. Ex.: Taxol yg disintesis dari baccatin III yg bersumber dari sejenis tumbuhan pinus yg melimpah, sedangkan taxol hanya diperoleh dr kulit kayu pinus yg tumbuh di Pasifik.

  9. Threats in Natural Product Isolation Primary metabolites SECONDARY METABOLITES Intermediet Potential for drugs Development (Lead compounds) • Catatan : • Takes time to isolate • Cost a lot of money • Some complex structures, • very difficult to be synthesized • CATATAN : • Highly diverse structures • Structurally unique

  10. Penemuan obat dari senyawa alam Taxol (Taxus brevifolia), antikanker Taxotere (derivat taxol), antikanker

  11. Pengembanganobatbarudaribahanalam PELUANG RISET • Skrining(Fitokimia & Farmakologi) dariorganisme (darat & laut), mikroorganismedll. untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia dan bioaktivitas-nya. • Isolasi dan purifikasisenyawa aktif& penanda(marker): aplikasi teknik2 kromatografi(K. Kolom, KLT, GC, HPLC). • Determinasi/ Elusidasi struktur :spektroskopi (UV-Vis, IR, NMR 1 & 2 dimensi, MS) ataukristalografi sinar X. • Hubunganstruktur-aktivitas(QSAR)  Kimia Medisinal • Sintesisanalog Kimia Organik Peningkatanaktivitas, penurunanefeksamping, pemakaian yang mudah dan efisien • Teorireseptor Farmakologi Molekuler Informasilokasiterjadinyareaksiobat • Desaindansintesisstrukturobatbaru Sintesis Organik

  12. SEMOGA SUKSES SELAMAT BELAJAR

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