From The Reformation to The Constitution: Introduction

1. From The Reformationto The Constitution:Introduction Bill Petroyour friendly neighborhood historian

2. billpetro.com billpetro.com/v7pc billpetro.com/blog

3. Don’t Know Much About History • What does it mean to be Protestant? • When did that start? • What does it mean to be Reformed? • Who were they? • What does it mean to be Presbyterian? • Where did that come from? • What is the origin of the Baptists? • Was it John the Baptist? • What does it mean to be Evangelical? • Where did that begin?

4. Why Church History? • Luther • Cicero: The mother of truth • Calvin • The theater of God’s glory • Petro • History is His story

7. Theological Definition Theological Darkness Theological Reformation

8. Sacramentalization Rediscovery Formulation Re-evaluation Origen Augustine Lombard Acquinas Luther Calvin Kant Schleirmacher

10. Renaissance • ad fontes - back to the sources • Fall of Constantinople (1453) • Triggered scholarly exodus causing influx of Classical studies into European Renaissance • Italy • Michalangelo – Sistine Chapel • Leonardo Da Vinci – Last Supper, Mona Lisa • Machiavelli – The Prince • Dante – Inferno • Columbus - America

12. In 1453, with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, the Eastern Roman Empire ends.

16. Southern Europe Northern Europe Latin Germanic Pre-Christian roots Christian roots Classical Humanism Biblical Arts & Sciences Faith. Renaissance vs. Reformation

17. What was the Reformation? • Catholics: “A heresy inspired by Martin Luther from base motives, such as his desire to marry” • Rationalists (Voltaire): “The consequences of a monastic squabble in Saxony, Germany”

18. What was the Reformation? • Marxists: “The result of the Roman papacy’s exploitation of Germany” • Protestants: “A movement which sought to recover the purity of primitive Christianity revealed in the New Testament”

19. Reformation Questions • How is a person saved? • Where does Religious Authority lie? • What is the Church? • What is the essence of Christian living?

23. The Babylonian Captivity • 1302:Pope Boniface VIII - bull Unam Sanctam “The true faith compels us to believe that there is one holy, universal, apostolic church. Outside of her there is no salvation. Both swords—the spiritual and the temporal—are in the church’s power.”

24. The Babylonian Captivity AVIGNON • The death of Pope Boniface VIII marked the end of the pope’s political supremacy in Europe. • The popes moved from Rome, Italy to Avignon, France. ROME

25. The Babylonian Captivity AVIGNON • The popes remained in Avignon for 72 years, and the church became increasingly corrupt. • This era became known as “the Babylonian Captivity of the papacy.” ROME

26. The Great Papal Schism • 1377: the pope returned to Rome. • When the pope refused to support the French cardinals, the French cardinals declared a new pope in Avignon.

27. The Great Papal Schism • 1409: the Council of Pisa deposed both popes and elected a new bishop of Rome • But the two previous popes refused to step down.

38. Prince Albert of Brandenburg • 1490–1545 • German churchman, but underage • Bishop of Magdeburg (1513) • Administrator for diocese Halberstadt • Archbishop of Mainz (1515)

39. Fugger Bank

40. John Tetzel • 1465-1519 • Dominican doctor

41. Indulgences • Freed the holder from the temporal penalty of sin • Popular since the Crusades

42. Indulgence Box • Robbing a church and perjury - 9 Ducats • Murder - 8 Ducats

43. Martin Luther • Augustinian monk • Professor of Bible at the newly founded University of Wittenberg

44. Wittenberg Door • October 31, 1517

45. 1-Word Summary • Medieval Catholic Church Merit • Luther …