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World War I 12.4

World War I 12.4. The War’s End & Aftermath. Allied Offensive. Summer 1917 Launched without the aid of US soldiers on the western front Failed miserably Morale decreases US troops needed badly. Russian Revolution. March 1917 Russian workers walked out of factories and protested

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World War I 12.4

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  1. World War I12.4 The War’s End & Aftermath

  2. Allied Offensive • Summer 1917 • Launched without the aid of US soldiers on the western front • Failed miserably • Morale decreases • US troops needed badly

  3. Russian Revolution • March 1917 • Russian workers walked out of factories and protested • Workers demanded: • -A Change in the Government • -An end to the war • Czar Nicholas II was overthrown

  4. Russian Revolution • Nov. 1917 • Bolsheviks seize power • = Group of Russian Socialists • Vladimir Lenin – Bolshevik Leader • Opposed WWI and removed Russia from it • March 1918 signs treaty with Central Powers

  5. German Offensive For Victory March 21, 1918 • 1 million Germans attack • Deepest advance since 1914. Late May 1918 • Allies pushed back to Marne River outside Paris • US General Pershing agrees to allow US troops to fight under French Leader Marshal Foch

  6. German Offensive For Victory • Big Bertha – • German guns capable of firing 2,100 pound shells almost nine miles • Very effective weapon for the Germans during this offensive

  7. German Offensive For Victory • Paris is saved – • US forces able to turn the tide • US & French troops stop the Germans at Chateau-Thierry on June 3rd & 4th • German advance halted

  8. German Offensive For Victory • German Assault at Reims – • July 15, 1918 • Final German assault • Allied lines held and Ferdinand Foch counterattacked 3 days later • Allies pushed the Germans back

  9. Allied Offensive for Victory • Summer 1918 – • Foch ordered an entire Allied offensive of the western front • Able to push deep into German territory for 3 months • Led by fresh American troops

  10. American Contribution • Led attack at Saint-Mihiel • Pushed through German lines along the Meuse River through the Argonne Forest

  11. American Contribution • Goal – Take French rail center Sedan • = Battle of Argonne Forest • Suffered 120,000 casualties • By Nov. 1918 they occupied Sedan

  12. Germany Surrenders • Repeated shelling of Germany during the offensive took its toll • German morale suffered • Mutinies began to occur throughout the German army and navy

  13. Germany Surrenders Oct. 1918 – • German chancellor asks Wilson for an armistice Nov. 9, 1918 – • Kaiser Wilhelm II gives up throne Nov. 10, 1918 – • Germans arrive at Allied headquarters to hear the terms of the armistice

  14. Armistice Terms • Germans must evacuate Alsace-Lorraine, Belgium, France, and Luxembourg • Germans must surrender massive amounts of military equipment • Peace Conference set for January of 1919 in Paris

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