The Periodic Table

1. The Periodic Table • Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table

2. Skim Section 1 of your book. Write three questions that come to mind from reading the headings and looking at the illustrations. • How was the periodic table developed? • What are metals, nonmetals and metalloids? • How is the periodic table organized?

3. New Vocabulary • column of elements in the periodic table that have similar physical or chemical properties. • element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmentals • element in Groups 1, 2, or 13-18 • element that has a shiny luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile • element in Groups 3-12 • element that is usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature and does not conduct heat and electricity well • row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually group metalloid representative element metal transition metal nonmetal period

4. Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table History of the Periodic Table I. Mendeleev’s contributions A. Arranged elements according to increasing atomic mass B. Placed elements with similar properties in groups C. Left spaces for predicted missing elements II. Moseley’s contributions A. Arranged elements according to atomic number B. Showed how many elements had not yet been found.

5. Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table Distinguish a period from a group by completing the sentences. A period is a row of elements. A group is column of elements with similar properties.

6. shiny • malleable • (hammer) • ductile (wires) • good conductor • of heat, electricity • solids • dull • brittle (break) • not good • conductors • many are gases • share some • properties with • metals and some • with nonmetals • semimetal

7. LABEL the block below with the information you would find about hydrogen in its element key. Hydrogen element name symbol 1 atomic number atomic mass state of matter 1.008

8. REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS TRANSITION ELEMENTS GROUPS 1 18 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 2 3 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 P E R I O D S 7

9. Section 2: Representative Elements 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17

10. Section 2 Representative Elements ACTIVE ALKALI METALS • A. Groups 1 and 2 are __________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements • although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and shares properties with Groups 1 & 17. • 1. ______________________ - silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they • increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table. • 2. _______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points and are • slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period. • B. Groups 13 through 18 may contain ___________________, _______________________, or • __________________________ in solid, liquid, or gas form. • 1. The ______________________ elements in Group 13 are all metals, except for boron, which is a • metalloid; these elements are used in a variety of products. • 2. The ______________________ are all metalloids or metals, except for carbon itself. • A. Carbon is found in all _____________________________ and exists in several forms. • B. Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as ____________________________. • C. Tin and ____________________ are the two heaviest elements in Group 14. ALKALINE EARTH METALS METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP LIVING THINGS SEMICONDUCTORS LEAD

11. Section 2 Representative Elements NITROGEN GROUP OXYGEN FAMILY • 3. The _____________________________ contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are required • by living things and which are used in industry. • 4. The _____________________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for life • and used to manufacture many products. • 5. The _____________________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other • alkali metals. • 6. The ________________________ rarely combine with other elements; they are often used in • lighting and inflating balloons. HALOGEN GROUP NOBLE GASES

12. Groups 1 and 2: Summarize the properties of the alkali metals. Density LOW Color & State Melting Point Alkali Metals SILVERY SOLIDS LOW Reactivity HIGH; INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM Compare and contrast: the alkaline earth metals and the alkali metals. The alkaline earth metals are harder, denser and have higher melting points than the alkali metals. The alkali metals are more reactive.

13. Groups 13 through 18: Summarize the information about elements in the Boron Family by filling in the missing words. METALS BORON • All the elements in group 13 are ____________ except • _____________, which is a metalloid. The elements in this • family are used to make many different things. Pots and • pans made with ______________ can move straight from • the refrigerator to the oven without cracking. ____________ • is used to make soft drink cans. ______________, which • will melt in your hands, is used to make computer chips. BORON ALUMINUM GALLIUM

14. COMPARE the elements in the carbon group Section 2 Representative Elements occurs in all living things abundant in sand semiconductors in electronics used in toothpaste used in X-ray equipment

15. Complete the outline to identify important points about certain elements in Groups 15 and 16. Nitrogen important for healthy bones and teeth • I. Group 15 • A. __________________: makes up about 80% of the air you breathe. • B. Phosphorus: ____________________________________________________________. • II. Group 16 • A. Oxygen: _________________________________________________________________. • B. __________________: combines with hydrogen and oxygen to make sulfuric acid, one of • of the most commonly used chemicals. • C. Selenium: ________________________________________________________________. • IDENTIFY at least one important fact about each group of elements. • Halogens: _______________________________________________________________________________. • Noble Gases: ______________________________________________________________________________. needed by your body to get energy from food Sulfur conducts electricity when it is in light makes salts with sodium and other alkali metals often do not combine with other elements

16. Section 3 Transition Elements • Catalyst: substance that can make something happen faster but is not changed itself.

17. IDENTIFY four key characteristics of the transition elements including their location in the periodic table. 1. _________________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________ Located in groups 3-12 All are metals Properties change less across a period for transition elements than they do for representative elements Most are found combined in ores

18. Section 3 Transition Elements Iron Triad What these elements have in common: __________________________ magnetic and other properties iron cobalt nickel Element: ________ Uses: Element: ________ Uses: Element: ________ Uses: part of hemoglobin; mixed with other metals to make steel used in batteries and large magnets used in large magnets

19. Identify uses of transition elements. used to make filaments in lightbulbs used in thermometers and barometers used as catalysts to make electronics, plastics and medicines

20. Compare and Contrast the lanthanides and actinides soft metals; cut with a knife; hard to separate from ores radioactive; most are synthetic (man-made) fuel in nuclear power plants; smoke detectors; kill cancer cells used in flints; color TV screens

21. Summarize how scientists create synthetic elements. the nuclei of atoms crash into one another at high speeds • Using a particle accelerator scientists make ____________________________ • _____________________________________________. The nuclei • ___________________________ to form _________________________________. • Some of these elements are _________________________ and last only • _____________________________________. may stick together new, heavier elements very unstable a fraction of a second Identify two ways dentists and orthodontists use transition elements. Amalgam fillings include mercury. 1. ____________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________ Orthodontists use nickel and titanium alloys for wires.

22. ALKALI METALS

23. GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS • silvery solids with low densities • found in many things - salts & foods • Lose 1 electron

24. ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS

25. GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS • denser and harder than alkali metals • not as reactive • Lose 2 electrons

26. ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS BORON FAMILY

27. GROUP 13: BORON FAMILY • used in pots and pans, cans and computer chips • Lose 3 electrons

28. ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS CARBON GROUP BORON FAMILY

29. GROUP 14: CARBON GROUP • carbon is found in all living things • silicon is in sand and used as semiconductor • Gain or Lose 4 electrons

30. ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY CARBON GROUP BORON FAMILY

31. GROUP 15: NITROGEN GROUP • nitrogen makes up 80% of the air; it’s absorbed in the body by eating plants • phosphorus is used in matches • Gain 3 electrons

32. ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP

33. GROUP 16: OXYGEN FAMILY • oxygen is essential for life; makes up 20% of Earth’s atmosphere (ozone) • sulfur is used in paints and fertilizers • Gain 2 electrons

34. ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS

35. GROUP 17: THE HALOGENS • the salt formers - combine with alkali metals (NaCl) • chlorine is used to kill bacteria in water (swimming pool) • Gain 1 electron

36. NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS

37. GROUP 18: THE NOBLE GASES • all gases • do not like to combine with other elements • used in lightbulbs, lights • GAIN/LOSE 0 ELECTRONS

38. NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS LANTHANIDES

39. NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS LANTHANIDES ACTINIDES

40. NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS IRON TRIAD LANTHANIDES ACTINIDES

41. NOBLE GASES ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS NITROGEN FAMILY OXYGEN FAMILY BORON FAMILY CARBON GROUP HALOGENS IRON TRIAD LANTHANIDES PLATINUM GROUP ACTINIDES