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Internal assessment, Results, Discussion, and Format

Internal assessment, Results, Discussion, and Format. By Mr Daniel Hansson. Sections of internal assessment. Title page Abstract Table of contents Introduction Method Results Discussion References Appendices. Title page.

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Internal assessment, Results, Discussion, and Format

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  1. Internal assessment, Results, Discussion, and Format By Mr Daniel Hansson

  2. Sections of internal assessment • Title page • Abstract • Table of contents • Introduction • Method • Results • Discussion • References • Appendices

  3. Title page • The hypothesis/aim may determine how the title is constructed. You are also allowed to be creative • Candidate number, date of completion, the instructor´s name, the level of course (HL or SL) and the final word count should be clearly indicated on the title page (1,500 for SL and 2,000 for HL)

  4. Abstract • The abstract contains a summary of important information about the study. It should summarize aim, method, results, and conclusion of the study. It should not exceed 200 words.

  5. Table of contents • All pages should be numbered, including the appendices

  6. Results (SL) • 1 graph, 1 table • Graph should show averages of conditions/groups and not individual scores!!! • A narrative statement of results. State differences in range and differences in averages • Ordinal data • One measure of central tendency (mean,median, or mode) • One measure of dispersion (Range or standard deviation) • Justification for choice of the descriptive statistic

  7. Results (HL) • 1 graph, 1 table • Graph should show averages of conditions/groups and not individual scores!!! • Narrative statement of results • Ordinal data • Only use data that is relevant to your hypotheses • One measure of central tendency (Mean, median, mode) • One measure of dispersion (range, standard deviation) • Justification of the use of the measures • Statistical test (Mann-WhitneyU or Wilcoxon T) • Justification of the statistical test chosen • Acceptance or rejection of null hypothesis • A statement of the statistical significance

  8. Justification for measure of central tendency • Mean: If sample is expected to be representative of target population, if data is ratio or interval. Most of you will use mean • Median: If there are extreme outliers, if data is ordinal

  9. Justification for measure of dispersion • Range: If data is ordinal and sample size is large • Standard deviation: Most of you will do a standard deviation. If data is ratio/interval and the population is assumed to be normally distributed

  10. Justification for use of statistical test • Mann Whitney U: If your hypothesis predicts a difference between two sets of data. If the sets of data are from separate groups of participants. If the data are ordinal or interval. • Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test (T): If the hypothesispredicts a difference between two sets of data. If the two sets of data are related, i.e. pairs of scores from one person. If the data is ordinal or interval.

  11. Significance • Significance: In statistics, the probability of how likely a result have occurred by chance

  12. An example of the statement of the statistical significance • To test the significance of results, a Mann Whitney U test was used the experimental design was independent measures and no assumption of the population distribution was required. The test was one-tailed because the experimental hypothesis predicted a direction of the results. The number of participants was 10 and the critical value at a 5 % significance level is 3. As the observed value was 0, the results are significant. The probability of getting these results by chance are less than 5 %. This means that the null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis is accepted.

  13. Discussion (SL) • Linking of results to study being replicated • Explanation/discussion of results, e.g. Differences between central tendency and measures of dispersion • Weaknesses of methodology • Suggestions for modification of study to adress weaknesses • A final brief conclusion which summarizes the results of the experiment

  14. Discussion (HL) • Linking of results to research mentioned in introduction • Explanation/discussion of results (descriptive and inferential statistics) • Limitations of methodology • Suggestions for modification of study to adress weaknesses • A final brief conclusion which summarizes the results of the experiment

  15. References • SL: At least one reference • HL: At least three references • A complete set of references • Sources must be credible, preferably primary • Correct APA format

  16. Appendix • Raw data • Calculations • Blank consent form • Blank debriefing note • Instructions • Any other written material used

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