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Population

Explore the evolution of world population through history, examining growth patterns and future projections up to 2100. Learn about demographic transitions, population composition, distribution, and government policies. Delve into case studies of China, India, and Bangladesh, showcasing varying population dynamics. Dive into population density analysis and aging trends across different regions, from East Asia to Europe. Unravel the complexities of global population trends and their implications.

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Population

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  1. Population Chapter 2

  2. World Population Growth Through History Billions 12 11 2100 10 9 Modern Age Old 8 Iron Middle Bronze Stone Age New Stone Age Ages Age Age 7 Future 6 2000 5 4 1975 3 1950 2 1900 1 1800 Black Death — The Plague 2000 1+ million 7000 6000 5000 3000 1000 A.D. 4000 A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. A.D. years B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C. 1 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).

  3. J-Curve

  4. Total Population = OP + B – D + I – E

  5. Rate of natural increase (does not take into account immigration and emigration).

  6. World Birth Rate – CBR number of births in a year per 1,000 people.

  7. World Mortality Rate – CDR number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people.

  8. Where have Total Fertility Rates (TFRs) fallen below replacement level and why?

  9. The Demographic Transition • Stage 1: Low Growth • Stage 2: High Growth • Stage 3: Moderate Growth • Stage 4: Low Growth (Stationary) [Stationary population level (SPL)] • NEW: Stage 5: Declining growth

  10. The Classic Stages of Demographic Transition Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.

  11. Population Composition Age-SexDiagrams= They tell you 2 things • Age & Gender distribution (within a country, region, or place)

  12. Population Pyramids – Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender. For poorer countries, the chart is shaped like a pyramid. Infant mortality rates are high, life expectancy is shorter.

  13. Population Pyramids – Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender. For wealthier countries, the chart is shaped like a lopsided vase. Population is aging, TFRs are declining.

  14. Population Distribution – Descriptions of locations on the Earth’s surface where individuals or groups (depending on the scale) live.

  15. World Population Distribution and Density • East Asia - ¼ of world population here • South Asia - bound by the Himalayas and a desert in Pakistan • Europe - population is concentrated in cities • North America - megalopolis

  16. East Asia Population

  17. 100 million people dwell in China’s fertile Sichuan Basin • Jiangsu, an area smaller than Ohio, is home to more than 70 million people

  18. Government Population Policies • Expansive Population Policies - Encourages population growth. • Eugenic Population Policies - Favors one racial or cultural sector over others. • Restrictive Population Policies - range from toleration of unapproved birth control to outright prohibition of large families. Make sure you are familiar with examples: past & present of each

  19. China’s Family Planning: One Child Policy

  20. China • What does China’s sex - age pyramid look like? Stage 1: Low Growth Stage 2: High Growth Stage 3: Moderate Growth Stage 4: Low Growth or Stationary Stage 5: Declining growth

  21. Data from: Population Reference Bureau, 2010.

  22. Population Growth in India • Significant demographic variations occur within countries. • In India, growth rates are higher in the east and northeast.

  23. South Asian Population

  24. India • What does India’s sex - age pyramid look like? • Stage 1: Low Growth • Stage 2: High Growth • Stage 3: Moderate Growth • Stage 4: Low Growth or Stationary • Stage 5: Declining growth

  25. India

  26. Two Ways of Population Density: Arithmetic Density – measure of total population relative to land size

  27. Physiologic Density Luxor, Egypt Egypt’s arable lands are along the Nile River Valley. Moving away from the river a few blocks, the land becomes sandy and wind-sculpted.

  28. World Population DensityWhich type of density does this map display?

  29. Has one of the highest settlement densities in the world TFR has been nearly cut in half between 1975 and the late 1990s 50% of Bangladesh women use oral contraception Strong government support for family planning Bangladesh

  30. Bangladesh • What does Bangladesh’s sex - age pyramid look like? Stage 1: ? Stage 2: ? Stage 3: ? Stage 4: ? Stage 5: ?

  31. Shinjuku district of Tokyo, Japan (35°42' N, 139°46' E)

  32. Tokyo

  33. Age Structure of a Population • The populations of many countries are aging. - eg. Europe - eg. Japan Bordeaux, France Photo credit: H.J. de Blij

  34. Trends in Aging, by World Region Population Ages 65 and Older Percent Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.

  35. Japan • What does Japan’s sex - age pyramid look like? Stage 1: ? Stage 2: ? Stage 3: ? Stage 4: ? Stage 5: ?

  36. Europe Population 523 million

  37. Italy • What does Italy’s sex - age pyramid look like? Stage 1: Stage 2: Stage 3: Stage 4: Stage 5:

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