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CHAPTER 5,13,& 14 NUTRITION ESSENTIALS and Diet Therapy by Angie Lawson

CHAPTER 5,13,& 14 NUTRITION ESSENTIALS and Diet Therapy by Angie Lawson. 01- 01. Patient Physician Nurse Dietitian Physical Therapist. Pharmacist Social Worker Psychologist Occupational Therapist. Health Care Team. 01- 02. Nutrition Care Process. Assessment Planning Intervention

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CHAPTER 5,13,& 14 NUTRITION ESSENTIALS and Diet Therapy by Angie Lawson

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  1. CHAPTER 5,13,& 14NUTRITION ESSENTIALSand Diet Therapyby Angie Lawson 01- 01

  2. Patient Physician Nurse Dietitian Physical Therapist Pharmacist Social Worker Psychologist Occupational Therapist Health Care Team 01- 02

  3. Nutrition Care Process • Assessment • Planning • Intervention • Evaluation

  4. Assessment • Previous health concerns • Current health concerns • Lab Values • Psychosocial issues

  5. Assessment Cont. • Body Weight • Anthropometry • Triceps Skin Fold • Mid-Arm Circumference • Elbow Breadth • Biochemical & Clinical Data • Diet History • Minimum Data Set Forms

  6. Planning • Expected Time Frames • Short Term Objectives 01- 03

  7. Interventions • Simple • Brief • Reinforcing Messages 01- 04

  8. Evaluation • Lab Blood Values • Informal Evaluations • Informal Conversations • Growth Charts

  9. Communication Skills • Warm & Friendly • Sit in Comfortable Proximity • Use Good Eye Contact • Face the Patient • Lean Forward • Arms Unfolded • Allow for Pauses

  10. Realms Included in Patient Care • Cognitive • Affective • Psychomotor

  11. Active Listening Skills • Nonjudgmental • Open-ended Questions • Use “I” instead of “You”

  12. Symptoms of Food Allergies • Hives • Diarrhea • Vomiting • Cramps • Headache • Asthma • Swelling of the Airways

  13. Food Intolerances • Fat Intolerance • Vegetable & Fruit Intolerance • Hot & Spicy Food Intolerance

  14. Nutritional Support • Oral Feedings • NG Tube Feedings • Peg Tube Feedings • PPN • TPN

  15. Adverse Effects • Drugs Affect Nutrient Absorption • Food & Nutrients Affect Drug Action • Food & Vitamins Affect Drug Action • Drugs Affect Nutrient Excretion • Drugs Affect Nutrient Metabolism • Drugs Cause Weight Gain

  16. Proper Positioning for Meals • Head & Trunk Upright • Feet Adequately Supported • Hip & Knees Flexed • Head Tipped Slightly Forward • Table Height Appropriate • Arms Centered • Seated Close to the Table • Adaptive Eating Devices if Needed

  17. Growth & Development Issues • Anemia • Dental Decay • Obesity • Malnutrition • Anorexia • Bulimia

  18. Sports Nutrition • Carbohydrate Needs • Role of Protein • Calcium • Iron • Vitamins & Minerals • Ergogenic Aids • Water & Sports Drinks

  19. Nurses Role with: • Children • Teenagers

  20. How Aging Effects Nutrition • Physical Changes • Economic Changes • Social Changes

  21. Adult Nutrient Needs • Energy • Protein • Vitamins & Minerals • Fluids • Fiber

  22. Medical Conditions • Headaches • GERD • Diminished Immunity • Arthritis • Gout • Osteoporosis • Pernicious Anemia • Mood Disorders • Dementia

  23. Nutrition Programs • Meals On Wheels • Food Stamps

  24. Fundamentals Nursing Skills and Concepts Chapters 14 & 15

  25. Problems Interfering with Nutrition • Obesity • Emaciation • Anorexia • Nausea • Vomiting • Stomach gas

  26. Managing Nutrition • Common hospital diets • Regular, light, soft, mechanical soft, full liquid, clear liquid, special • Meal trays • Hospitals – served at bedside • Nursing homes – served together in groups

  27. Feeding Assistance • Client with Dysphagia • Remain with client • Keep them in a sitting position • Give short, simple instructions • Ensure swallowing is completed • Visually impaired client • Consider using dishes with rims • Possibly use finger foods • Describe the food and its location using the clock method

  28. Parenteral Nutrition Route other than enteral or intestinal • Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN) • Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) • Lipid (Fat) Emulsion

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