What impact did Gladstone and Disraeli have on the movement for reform?

1. What impact did Gladstone and Disraeli have on the movement for reform? • Key Questions: • Who were Gladstone and Disraeli? • Why did their background create animosity? • Why did Gladstone join the Liberals? • What did they think of each other? • What were their early influences?

2. Who were Gladstone and Disraeli? Learning Objectives: • To understand who these two politicians are • To identify their beliefs and backgrounds • To begin to apply this to their political careers and influences

3. British Prime Ministers Disraeli – 1868 and 1874 Gladstone – 1868, 1880, 1886 and 1892 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGDUGl0LEt8&feature=related British Prime Ministers – politicians who determine policy ! How many times do Gladstone and Disraeli appear?

4. Gladstone and Disraeli • Read the book review about the 2 politicians. Complete the double bubble to identify similarities and differences between them. Gladstone Disraeli

5. William Gladstone What impression do you get of him from this clip? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVgDWIgbiAc

6. Disraeli http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yrPtRgK6Gk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dzGoNjlm-s&feature=related What impression do you get from these 2 clips?

7. Using the book review you have been given complete the following task: Double Bubble! Both inconsistent religious corrupt Anglican Gladstone Both had self doubt Disraeli Jewish Not-witty Each had illness witty

8. Using the book review you have been given complete the following task: • Pick out features of each politician • Can you find any evidence of animosity? Disraeli Gladstone • Able to inspire MP’s • Jewish adventurer • Dandy • Man of business • Corrupt • Cloud compelling manner • Religious prig • Prig • Boring • Feud over Peel • Criticism over Maynooth • Criticism of Gladstone over Disraeli’s budget • Triumphs over 1867 Bill • Gladstone won 1868 election • Personal revulsion between them

9. How do Gladstone and Disraeli get into power? • Learning Objectives • To learn about the rise to power of these 2 politicians • To understand the influences that shaped their views.

10. What do you already know about the two parties ? Conservatives Liberals

11. Gladstone and DisraeliWhat were the influences on these two politicians? Disraeli Why was he an ‘unlikely’ potential leader of the Conservatives? Disraeli re-defined what the Tory Party stood for; explain his thinking on this and, in particular, clarify the term “Tory Democracy” Why did Disraeli attack Peel so strongly in 1846? Look at the Crisis of Conservatism on pages 339-340; do you think that the Conservatives were not successful because of the Liberal Party or because of their own problems?

12. Gladstone and DisraeliWhat were the influences on these two politicians? • Disraeli • Why was he an ‘unlikely’ potential leader of the Conservatives? • Jewish by birth in an anti-Semitic society. Most conservative backbenchers were Anglican • His background was literary not landed • Deficiencies in education – worked as a solicitors clerk • No real achievement until aged 40 • Scandalous marriage and reckless lifestyle • Disraeli re-defined what the Tory Party stood for; explain his thinking on this and, in particular, clarify the term “Tory Democracy” • Tory Party was a ‘National Party’ and the real source of democracy in England • Tory Democracy – vague (a strength and weakness), natural leaders of people, trust instinctive patriotism and conservatism, sought popular alliance • More charismatic style of leadership • Paternal approach from wealthy to poor at all levels • Spirit of community and be spared aggressive individualism of Liberals • Why did Disraeli attack Peel so strongly in 1846? • Turned down his bids to be in gov 1842 – revenge? • Claimed Peel was ignoring claims of the party and undermining parliamentary system • Peels outdated leadership = PM sovereign and sovereign serves the people • Look at the Crisis of Conservatism on pages 339-340; do you think that the Conservatives were not successful because of the Liberal Party or because of their own problems? • Tories – could only form minority govlacked support, struggled to form policies when in power, 1859 Disraeli’s reform bill looked half hearted, Palmerston’s spell as PM was a disaster • Liberals – Gladstone's attack on Disraeli’s budget and his own successful budget the year after

13. Gladstone and DisraeliWhat were the influences on these two politicians? Gladstone How far did religion influence Gladstone personally and in his political views? What evidence is there that Gladstone was hard-working? Why do you think that both Liberals and Conservatives were keen to have Gladstone in their party?

14. Gladstone and DisraeliWhat were the influences on these two politicians? • Gladstone • How far did religion influence Gladstone personally and in his political views? • Deeply committed Christian and had thought seriously about ordiantion in C of Egland • Believed best way he could serve wasthrough politics • 1830s he believed Whigs, Radicals and Irish were conspiring to destroy Anglican Church in Ireland • Began to change his ideas – believed Church-State principals were unstable, and Anglican Church in Ireland unrealistic, Non-Conformists contributed to British Christianity • BUT – always believed the church had to choose between right and wrong • What evidence is there that Gladstone was hard-working? • Political and administrative ability caught the attention of Peel • 1835 – (in 3 years) given office as Under-Secretary for War and Colonies • 1841 served on Board of Trade (under Peel) • 1843 – promoted to Cabinet Rank • It was halted by his resignation over Maynooth • Gained reputation as immensely able and industrious minister • “Gladstone can do in 4 hours what it took any other man 16 hours to do” – he worked 16 hours a day • Saw ministerial responsibilities as a joy not a burden and his work with Free Trade appealed to his Christian beliefs • Why do you think that both Liberals and Conservatives were keen to have Gladstone in their party? • His administrative skills and rhetorical power in Commons remained widely admired (even whilst in political exile with Peel) • 1850s Whig and Conservative PMs attempted to recruit him – wanted his stability • 1853 – produced one of the countries most celebrated budgets

16. Why did Gladstone join the Liberals? • Did not want to work with Disraeli • Gladstone was ambitious and the Conservatives never won • He wanted vital reforms and the Tories didn’t have the power • He was nearer the way of Liberal thinking (religious, economic and foreign policies) • Gladstone eventually becomes leader of the Liberals, but he was asked to join the Conservatives. • Use the single sheet and choose the top 3 reasons which explain why he refused to join the Conservative Party.

17. What impact did Gladstone and Disraeli have on the movement for reform? Read “The Nature of Politics 1846-68” • What 4 Key points is it making?

18. What does this tell you about why a Reform Act might be passed in the future?

19. Assessment: What impact did Gladstone and Disraeli have on the movement for reform?