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System of Systems Observations and Hypotheses George E. Pickett, Vice President. One Viewpoint on Current “SoS” Focus. Notions of increased connectivity and flow date from at least 1970s. What is “new” in recent years? Extent of linkage (sensor to weapon) Breadth (multi-service)
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System of Systems Observations and Hypotheses George E. Pickett, Vice President
One Viewpoint on Current “SoS” Focus • Notions of increased connectivity and flow date from at least 1970s. • What is “new” in recent years? • Extent of linkage (sensor to weapon) • Breadth (multi-service) • Dynamic reconfigurability • Centrality to military success • Underlying belief: • Connectivity is more valuable than systems • Connectivity is a response to uncertainty • However: No successful SoS
A Framework Number of Nodes Small Very Large Predictability of Appearance High Low
Examples of Programs or Systems Number of Nodes Small Very Large BMD systems (2010) Future Combat System (FCS) Predictability of Appearance InternetGBSGPS CONUS Air Defense Network (1950-1970) High Low Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE)AutodinDCS AWACSF-16M1A2Rivet Joint BMD Systems (1960)
Classification of Systems Number of Nodes Small Very Large Dependent Platform Sets Interactive Platform Sets (System of Systems) Predictability of Appearance Interactive NetworksBroadcast Networks High Low BackBone Networks Platforms Dedicated Platform Sets
Skills of People and Organizations Number of Nodes Small Very Large “New” System Engineer - Operations - Technology - Acquisition Predictability of Appearance High Low Communications Systems Engineer Platform System Engineer Comments • Movement toward even more complex MOEs (combat outcomes, program probabilities, marginal contribution, network performance, etc.). • Limited experience base (i.e., examples upon which to base theory or learning). • Limited ability to transfer theory or learning from other domains (e.g., high probability or viewing “problems” through lens of other disciplines). • Confronts government and industry with skill and organization “gaps.”
Final Observations and Hypotheses • How will SoS evolve? • Major project “trial and error” • Minor “SoS” expansion • “Transformation” to “Communications Networking” • What could be done to build the “capability?” • Simulation/emulation: substitute for experience • Universities: constructs and processes • Standards: limit the “variability” of ongoing programs in order to become part of SoS in the future • What are areas for research? • Sub-network, dynamic allocation and reconfiguration • SoS configuration impacts on military operations, doctrine and C2 • Decision maker tools and training for configuration management • Marginal value analysis (i.e., where to put $100M?) • Marginal value of additional connectivity