Historical Skills Notes

Historical Skills Notes 1.02 Analyze and interpret primary and secondary sources to compare views, trace themes, and detect bias. 1.03 Relate archaeology, geography, anthropology, political science, sociology, and economics to the study of history.

Add to your Vocabulary • Natural Hazard: a threat of a naturally occurring event that will have a negative effect on people or the environment. 25. Rainforests: atropicalforest,usuallyoftall, densely growing, broad-leavedevergreen trees in an area of highannual rainfalland has three layers of vegetation (undergrowth,intermediatetrees and shrubs,andverytalltrees,whichform a canopy)

Geography • Latitude and Longitude • Latitude and Longitude is measured in degrees. • Lines of Latitude are lines that run east to west, but measures north to South. • The equator is 0 degrees latitude. The closer to the equator the warmer the climate is. • Lines of Longitudeare lines that run north to south, but measures east to west. • The Prime Meridian is 0 degrees longitude and runs through Grenwich, England. • TheInternational Date Lineis 180 degrees longitude and runs through the Pacific Ocean. Marks the change of the Calendar day.

2. 5 Themes of Geography • Location: absolute (latitude-longitude or an address), relative (what it is near • Place: Physical, natural and cultural features. • Regions: breaks up the world for easier study. • Movement: Shifting of goods, people and ideas from one place to another. • Human-Environment Interaction: How people interact with their environment.

3. Maps • Physical maps: shows land features such as mountains, plains, rivers, lakes, etc. • Political Maps: shows borders established by humans like countries, states and counties. • Political Maps: can change rapidly due to war, treaties, conflict, etc. can become outdated.

3. Maps • Map symbols: • Scale: shows distances on a map • Legend: tells what symbols on a map means. • Compass Rose: tells direction on a map • Cardinal directions: North, South, East, and West. • Intermediate directions: Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest

Map Skills Map Legend Compass Rose Scale Bar

4. Hemispheres: the Earth is divided into 4 Hemispheres. • Northern Hemisphere: all areas above the equator • Southern Hemisphere: all areas below the equator • Eastern Hemisphere: all areas east of the Prime Meridian and west of the International Date Line. • Western Hemisphere: all areas west of the Prime Meridian and east of the International Date Line.

Hemispheres

B. Natural Hazards • a natural occurring event that has a negative effect on people and environment. • Examples include: tornadoes, hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes,

C. Types of Sources (for research) • Primary sources: An artifact, a document, a recording, or other source of information that was created at the time under study • Examples include: newspapers, photographs, diaries, autobiographies, speeches • Secondary sources: involve generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation of the original information. A document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere • Examples include: Your World History Textbook, biographies, encyclopedias

Sources Primary Sources

Sources Secondary Sources

Historical Skills Notes