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The Rwandan Genocide 100 Days of Slaughter April 6, 1994-July 18, 1994

The Rwandan Genocide 100 Days of Slaughter April 6, 1994-July 18, 1994. Source: David Simon, The Teaching of Africa, PIER, Yale University , July 11, 2005. Rwandan Genocide. Massacre of an estimated 800,000 – 1,071,000 ethnic Tutsis & moderate Hutus carried out by two Hutu extremist groups

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The Rwandan Genocide 100 Days of Slaughter April 6, 1994-July 18, 1994

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  1. The Rwandan Genocide100 Days of SlaughterApril 6, 1994-July 18, 1994 Source: David Simon, The Teaching of Africa, PIER, Yale University , July 11, 2005

  2. Rwandan Genocide • Massacre of an estimated 800,000 – 1,071,000 ethnic Tutsis & moderate Hutus carried out by two Hutu extremist groups • The killings lasted about 100 days in 1994 • The United Nations had little response to the genocide

  3. The Beginning • Started with a plane crash (April 6, 1994) • 2 Presidents killed • Juvenal Habyarimana (Rwanda) • Cyprian Ntayamira (Burundi) • Neighboring Country

  4. The Beginning • Hutu extremists are considered responsible for the crash • President of Rwanda was about to sign a Peace Accord • The extremists disapproved

  5. In Between • Brutality period in between • Genocide of the Tutsi population by the radical Hutu population

  6. The End • Ended with a rebel victory by Tutsis • Rwandan Patriotic Army chase out FAR (Tutsis) • Genocide ended with their victory • 800,000 people killed

  7. The killings begin • The same night of the plane crash • The Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) and Hutu militia begin killing • Tutsis • Hutu moderates

  8. The killings Begin • Roadblocks set up to capture Tutsis and Hutu moderates • Machetes are the weapon of choice for killings • Why????

  9. The role of the U.N. • Fails to intervene • Only allowed to “monitor” the situation

  10. The killing of Belgian soldiers • 10 Belgian soldiers who work for the United Nations • Guarding the Hutu prime minister at his home • Hutu radicals kill him and the Belgian soldiers

  11. Defining Genocide • The Question of Genocide • Definition: • any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: • (a) Killing members of the group; • (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; • (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; • (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; • (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. • One or Two? • Elimination of Tutsis was an explicit goal • Massacres of Hutus not part of an elimination plan • Or Zero?: Are Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups?

  12. Hutu and Tutsi Differences • Speak same language • Same customs But….. Tutsis had a history of having more power

  13. Causes ‘Ethnic Conflict’ • Historical Relations • Colonial • Germans and Belgians divided the 2 groups in 1916 • Rigid boundaries • ID cards • Belgians gave the Tutsis superiority • Why?

  14. Causes ‘Ethnic Conflict’ • Tutsi Superiority • Better jobs • More educational opportunities This leads to resentment by the Hutus…….

  15. Causes ‘Ethnic Conflict’ • Hutu Revolt in 1959 • Hutu population begins to leave Rwanda for bordering countries

  16. Rwandan independence • 1962 Belgians leave Rwanda • Hutus still feel hostility towards Tutsis

  17. Economic Tensions • Growth in ’70s and ’80s • But dependent on: • Coffee • Aid

  18. Pre-genocide • UN Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) • Recommended: about 10,000 soldiers (a.s.a.p.) • Proposed: 5200 starting 9/93 • Actual: • no one before 10/93 • minimal equipment before 1/94 • Maximum force of 2500 (in April 1994)

  19. During the genocide • United Nations • Ten Belgians killed immediately • Forces (mostly) withdrawn, 4/20/94 • United States • Denial • Non-cooperation • Africa • No force to get involved

  20. The Aftermath • International Tribune for Rwanda • First recognition of rape as an offense of genocide • 60+ indictments • Rwandan courts • 125,000 detainees • 2000 cases handled after 4 years • “justice on the grass” • Countrywide • Informal

  21. Why study Rwanda?? • A unique case or all too common? • International politics • Human interaction

  22. Hotel Rwanda

  23. Hotel Rwanda • The movie is based on the true events that took place during the genocidal violence that erupted in Rwanda • Between the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups in 1994 • The central character is Paul Rusesabagina, a Hutu who managed a four-star in Kigali, the Capital of Rwanda • “Paul R.” helped to save 1,268 Tutsi & Hutu refugees

  24. Paul Rusesabagina

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