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Effects of Different Keystone Species on CO2 and CH4 Production and Emissions at Various Water Levels

This final progress report presents the results of a study on the effects of different keystone species on CO2 and CH4 production and emissions at various water levels. The experiment was conducted from June 2004 to July 2005 at the RECIPE meeting in Aberdeen. The report includes data on gas production and water levels for E. angustifolium, E. vaginatum, and S. fallax. Additionally, the report discusses basal respiration and litter decomposition experiments.

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Effects of Different Keystone Species on CO2 and CH4 Production and Emissions at Various Water Levels

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  1. Final progress report AR-WSL, EPFL ECOS Andy Siegenthaler Emanuela Samaritani, Edward Mitchell, Alexandre Buttler RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  2. Growing keystone species experimentJune 2004-July 2005 WP II A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  3. D20, D21, D23 Effects of different keystone species on CO2 and CH4 production and emissions at various water levels. Gas Water table E. angustifolium E. vaginatum S. fallax CO2 Low 0 0 0 CO2 Intermediate + ++ 0 H3 CO2 High 0 0 0 CH4 Low 0 0 0 CH4 Intermediate 0 0 0 CH4 High 0 0 0 Gas Water table E. angustifolium E. vaginatum S. fallax CO2 Low 0 0 0 CO2 Intermediate 0 0 0 H5 CO2 High 0 0 0 CH4 Low 0 0 0 CH4 Intermediate 0 0 0 CH4 High 0 0 0 Gas Water table E. angustifolium E. vaginatum S. fallax CO2 Low 0 0 0 CO2 Intermediate 0 0 0 H7 CO2 High 0 +° 0 CH4 Low 0 0 0 CH4 Intermediate 0 0 0 CH4 High 0 0 0 Basal respiration WPII A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  4. D20, D21, D23 Design plot for the CO2 production 260 H3 240 220 200 CO2 production (µmol.d-1.dm-3) EV Low 180 EA Intermed. S 160 High CT 140 H5 H7 120 WT Species Depth Factors Resumed basal respiration WPII A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  5. D20, D21, D23 Design plot for the CH4 production 0.4 H7 0.3 High CT CH4 production (umol.d-1.dm-3) 0.2 EA Intermed. 0.1 S EV Low H5 0.0 H3 WT Species Depth Factors Resumed basal respiration WPII A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  6. WPII: Active type II methanotrophs (FISH) in growing Sphagnum (H3) DAPI FISH FISH/DAPI D11, D14, D20 A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  7. Litter decomposition experimentAugust 2004 - November 2005 WP III A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  8. D16, D20 EA EV S Litter species EA EV S EA EV S EA EV S Low Interm. High Litter species X water level Litter mass-loss (% d.wt/d.wt) A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  9. D20, D21, D23 40 35 30 25 20 CH4 flux (µmol.d-1.m-2) 15 10 5 0 Low Interm. High Water level In-situ surface fluxes (WPIII) CH4 CO2 A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  10. D20, D21, D23 Litter type effect on CO2 and CH4 production A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  11. D20, D21, D23 B. Effects of different litter types on on CO2 and CH4 production and emissions at various water levels. In all cases C02 production is decreasing and CH4 production to increase with decreasing water level. Gas Water table E. angustifolium E. vaginatum S. fallax CO2 Low 0 0 0 CO2 Intermediate 0 0 0 H4 CO2 High + + 0 CH4 Low 0 0 ++ CH4 Intermediate 0 0 0 CH4 High 0 0 0 Gas Water table E. angustifolium E. vaginatum S. fallax CO2 Low 0 0 0 CO2 Intermediate 0 +° 0 H5 CO2 High - 0 0 CH4 Low 0 0 0 CH4 Intermediate 0 0 0 CH4 High 0 0 0 Gas Water table E. angustifolium E. vaginatum S. fallax CO2 Low -- -- -° CO2 Intermediate 0 0 0 H7 CO2 High 0 0 0 CH4 Low - -- - CH4 Intermediate 0 0 0 CH4 High 0 0 0 Litter effect on basal respiration (WPIII)

  12. D20, D21, D23 Resumed basal respiration (WP III) Design plot for CO2 production H3 700 600 CO2 production (umol.d-1.dm-3) Low EV 500 CT Interm. S EA High H5 400 H7 WT Species Depth Factors A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  13. D20, D21, D23 Design plot for CH4 production 12 H7 10 High 8 CH4 production (umol.d-1.dm-3) CT 6 4 EA EV Interm. S 2 Low 0 H5 H3 WT Species Depth Factors Resumed basal respiration (WP III)

  14. D20, D21, D23 Design plot for CO2 production 6 Low 5 CT S 4 CO2 production (mmol.d-1.m2) 3 Interm. EA EV 2 High Water_level Litter_species Resumed surface respiration WPIII Factors

  15. D20, D21, D23 Design plot for CH4 production High 34 32 30 CH4 production (µmol.d-1.m2) S 28 26 EA EV CT 24 Low Intermed. Water_level Litter_species Factors Resumed surface respiration WPII

  16. 3e+6 2e+7 2e+6 2e+7 2e+6 2e+7 2e+6 1e+7 1e+6 5e+5 5e+6 0e+0 0e+0 Low Interm. High Low Interm. High Water level Water level WPIII: Active type II methanotrophs in Sphagnum litter DAPI (ind./g f.wt) Type II Methanotrophs (ind./g f.wt) D11, D14, D20 A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  17. D11, D14, D16, D20, D21, D23 Conclusions • In a situation with low water level, the presence of any kind of litter decreases the CO2 production at -35 cm. • In a situation with low water level, the presence of any kind of litter decreases the methane production at -35 cm. • Under intermediate water level conditions Sphagnum litter drastically decreased the in-situ methane flux. • The Sphagnum litter turnover time is higher under intermediate water level conditions. • There are more methanotrophs where more methane is produced! ;-) • The surface CO2 fluxes in WPIII are strongly positively correlated to the basal respiration at -15 cm depth and negatively correlated to the methanogenesis at -15 cm depth. And inversely! • The surface CH4 fluxes are negatively correlated to the CO2 production at -7.5 cm depth. A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

  18. Achievements during 2005/06Andy (A), Emanuela (Em) • Em: terminated the surface gas flux measurements (NEE, Rtot, PG) at la Chuax-d’Abel. • A&Em: surface methane fluxes Chaux-d’Abel during 2005. • FISH hybridisation for WPI - methodological improvement and counting of methanogens and eubacteria. • Em: finished her master’s research and graduated in May 2006. • A+all: WPII sampling and dispatching in July 2005. • A&Em: WPIII surface fluxes, harvesting, sampling, dispatching, incubations in autumn 2005. • A: WPII basal respiration for Baupt samples (monovette). • A: re-analysed delta 13C-CO2 and delta 13C-CH4 of the surface samples using a supplementary cryogenic step to improve accuracy for methane. • A:WPIII surface samples basal respiration for the short term decomposition experiment. • A: recounting whole community in WPI with inverted microscopic (total 18 from the 27 samples. • A&Em: WPII (FR): basal respiration (monovette) and FISH hybridisations for methanotrophs. A.Siegenthaler, RECIPE meeting Aberdeen 29-31 May 2006

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