An Introduction to BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

1. An Introduction to BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENT • Overview of Bluetooth History • The Bluetooth Specifications • Typical Bluetooth Scenario • Working of Bluetooth • System Requirements • Profiles • Comparison with other technologies • Advantages & Disadvantages of Bluetooth

3. Example : The Networked Home

4. What is Bluetooth? • “Bluetooth wireless technology is an open specification for a low-cost, low-power, short-range radio technology for ad-hoc wireless communication of voice and data anywhere in the world.” One of the first modules (Ericsson) A recent module

5. Ultimate Headset

6. Cordless Computer

7. Bluetooth Goals & Vision • Originally conceived as a cable replacement technology • Short-Range Wireless Solutions • Open Specification • Voice and Data Capability • Worldwide Usability • Other usage models began to develop: • Personal Area Network (PAN) • Ad-hoc networks • Data/voice access points • Wireless telematics

8. Overview of Bluetooth History • What is Bluetooth? • Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology. • Why this name? • It was taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway. • When does it appear? • 1994 – Ericsson study on a wireless technology to link mobile phones & accessories. • 5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1998. • First specification released in July 1999.

9. Timeline • 1994 : Ericsson study complete / vision • 1995 : Engineering work begins • 1997 : Intel agrees to collaborate • 1998 : Bluetooth SIG formed: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia & Toshiba • 1999 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0A SIG promoter group Expanded: 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft & Motorola. • 2000 : Bluetooth Specification 1.0B, 2000+ adopters • 2001 : First retail products released, Specification 1.1 • 2003 : Bluetooth Specification 1.2 • 2005 : Bluetooth Specification 2.0 (?)

10. Bluetooth Operation Piconet is the fundamental form of communication for Bluetooth Wireless technology. Master & Slaves. The master Bluetooth device can communicate with upto 7 devices. Data can be transferred b/w the master & one other device. The master switches rapidly from device to another in a round-robin fashion.

11. A Bluetooth Communication Scenario Piconet 1 Piconet 2 S SB S P P M M S S M-master S-Slave P-Parked SB-Standby S P P All devices in a piconet use the same frequency-hopping pattern

12. Two or more Piconets can be connected together to form a Scatternet. Some devices act as a bridge by simultaneously playing the master role & the slave role in one piconet. All devices in a piconet use the same frequency-hopping pattern

13. Application Protocol Stack TCP/IP AT Commands O B E X PPP RFCOMM TSC SDP L2CAP HCI Audio Link Manager (LM) Baseband Bluetooth Radio

14. Bluetooth specification consists of a series of layers, implemented in h/w & s/w: • Physical layer • Baseband • Link Manager Protocol(LMP) • Host controller • Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP). • Application Protocol

15. ComputerRequirements • A PC must have a bluetooth adapter to communicate with bluetooth devices • Some contain an internal bluetooth adapter • But most require an external USB bluetooth Dongle. • Unlike IrDA, multiple Bluetooth devices can communicate with a computer over a single dongle.

16. OS Support • The only versions of MS Windows tat have native support for BT are Windows XP Service Pack 2 and later • Previous versions require the users to install their BT adapter’s own drivers (not directly supported by MS) • Mac OS Xhas supported BT since version 10.2 released in 2002. • Linux provides 2 BT stacks with BlueZ stack, Supporting all core BT protocols & layers

17. List of Applications Wireless control of communication b/w a cell phone & a hands-free headset Wireless n/wing b/w PCs in a confined space Transfer of files b/w devices with OBEX For controls where IR was traditionally used 7th generation game consoles-Nintendo Wii ,Sony PlayStation3

18. Different Versions Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B Drawbacks: • Difficulty in making it interoperable • Had mandatory h/w device add transmission • Rendering anonymity impossible at protocol level

19. Bluetooth 1.1 • Many errors found in 1.0B were fixed • Added support for non-encrypted channels • Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)

20. Bluetooth 1.2 • Backward compatible with 1.1 • Faster connection and discovery • Improved resistance to Radio Frequency interference • Higher transmission speeds • Improved voice quality of audio links by allowing retransmission of corrupted pages • Host Controller Interface support.

21. Bluetooth 2.0 • Specified in November 2004 • Backward compatible with version 1.1 • Introduction of Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) of 3.0 Mbits/s • 3 times faster transmission speed • Lower power conception thru a reduced duty cycle • More available b/w • Further improved performance

22. Bluetooth 2.1 • Will be adopted by BT SIG once interoperability testing has completed • Extended inquiry response • Encryption Pause Resume • Secure Simple Pairing • NFC(Near Field Communication) Cooperation

23. File Transfer Profile • Profile provides: • Enhanced client-server interactions: • -browse, create, transfer folders • - browse, pull, push, delete files

24. Headset Profile • Profile provides: • Both devices must provide capability to initiate connection & accept/terminate calls. • Volume can be controlled from either device. • Audio gateway can notify headset of an incoming call.

25. Core Bluetooth Products • CD Player • TV/VCR/DVD • Access Points • Telephone Answering Devices • Cordless Phones • Cars • Notebook PCs & Desktop computers • Printers • PDAs • Other handheld devices • Cell phones • Wireless peripherals: • Headsets • Cameras

26. Other Products… • 2004 Toyota Prius & Lexus LS 430 • hands free calls • Digital Pulse Oximetry System • Toshiba Washer & Dryer • Nokia N-gage

27. A Comparison WLAN

28. Bluetooth vs. IrD • IrD • Point to point • Intended for Data Communication • Infrared, LOS communication • Can not penetrate solid objects • Both devices must be stationary, for synchronization • Range 1 m • Bluetooth • Point to Multipoint • Data & Voice • Easier Synchronization due to Omni-directional and no LOS requirement • Devices can be mobile • Range 10 m

29. Advantages • Cost Effectiveness: This is cost effective since the cost of connectivity and their recurring costs are not involved.  • It is very standardized which guarantees a high level of inter operate ability . • It operates on bi-directional mode • Voice and data coexists in this technology. •  Interaction of locally connected so many peripherals are there which is called peer to peer or ad-hoc network. •  There is an acknowledgement system guaranteed for data transmission. • It has a very strong frequency hopping technology and has a reliable error correcting codes compared to 433MHz, or even Wi-Fi type systems. • Energy consumed in this technology is very low.

30. Limitations • Short Range operations: This technology is useful in only short range of operations. That means the devices exchanging information have to be carried along if moving with a laptop to somewhere outside the range. Hence it can be said that this system is unable to cope with mobility. • Bluetooth standards does not address routing in piconets and scatternets . • Multi-hop multicasting is absent in this technology.  • Bluetooth is not fully developed and integrated into all the products involved we have to still wait for it to get fully evolved.

31. Thank You