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MEM and the road to Poznan and to Copenhagen

This article discusses the major economies' meetings and conferences leading up to the COP 15 in Copenhagen, including their goals, outcomes, and the progress made towards reaching a long-term global goal for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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MEM and the road to Poznan and to Copenhagen

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  1. MEM and the road to Poznan and to Copenhagen Alberto Devoto Embassy of Italy, Washington DC

  2. The MEM Process“By the end of next year, America and other nations will set a long-term global goal for reducing greenhouse gases. To help develop this goal, the United States will convene a series of meetings of nations that produce most greenhouse gas emissions, including nations with rapidly growing economies like India and China. In addition to this long-term global goal, each country would establish midterm national targets and programs that reflect their own mix of energy sources and future energy needs."  − President George W. Bush, 5/31/07

  3. Washington, 27-28 September 2007Leaders’ Representatives from:Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union (Portugal as EU President plus the European Commission), France, Germany, Indonesia, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, United Kingdom, United States and United Nations.

  4. Major EconomiesMEM Population: 3886.1 millionsMEM GDP: 34.4 T$MEM CO2Emissions: 18.9 B tonsMEM Population: 60% of World population (6.4 B)MEM GDP: 77% of World GDP (44.6 T$)MEM CO2Emissions: 68% of World CO2Emissions (27.7 B tons)Data: World Development Indicators 2007

  5. Emission of CO2 by source (millions of tons) Industrial DevelopingElectricity 6,243 3,842Manufacturing 2,131 2,106Transportation 3,386 1,374Other fuel 2,202 1,386Agriculture 1,403 3,516Land use change -274 7,887Other 1,895 2,251

  6. Washington, 27-28 September 2007MEM: a path forward under the UN Framework Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC) with following goals:1) Establish a process for reaching agreement on a long-term global goal for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 2) Consider national goals and strategies over the mid-term, reflecting each nation's own mix of energy sources, future energy needs, and development priorities, to address the challenges of energy security and climate change, and discuss what more needs to be done. 3) Highlight the most urgent needs for research and development of clean energy technologies4) Identify areas for collaboration in key sectors and discuss challenges and opportunities for the development, financing, and commercialization of clean energy technologies.5) Develop a stronger, more transparent, and reliable system for measuring actions to reduce greenhouse gases and improve energy security, and track progress toward meeting these goals

  7. Major Economies Meetings: 1) Washington, 27-28 September 20072) Honolulu, 30-31 January 2008 3) Paris, 17-18 April 20084) Washington, 21-22 May 2008 (consultations)5) Seoul, 20-21 June 20086) Toyako, 9 July 2008 (joint declaration)

  8. Major Economies Meeting Declaration: our ability to achieve a long-term global goal will also depend on affordable, new, more advanced, and innovative technologies, infrastructure, and practices that transform the way we live, produce and use energy, and manage land2) essential importance of enhanced greenhouse gas mitigation that is ambitious, realistic, and achievable3) actions to reduce emissions, including from deforestation and forest degradation, can make a contribution to stabilizing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere4) tackling climate change will require greater mobilization of financial resources, both domestically and internationally. There is an urgent need to scale up financial flows, particularly financial support to developing countries; to create positive incentives for actions

  9. Bali Conference of Parties (COP 13) 3-15 December 2007 10,800 participants3,500 government officials (100 ministers)5,800 UN representatives1,500 media representatives

  10. Bali Conference of Parties (COP 13) 3-15 December 2007 Outcomes:1) finalization of Adaptation Fund2) reduction of emissions from deforestation3) technology transfer and capacity building4) Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms5) COP 14: Poznan, December 20086) COP 15: Copenhagen, December 2009

  11. Bali Conference of Parties (COP 13) Bali Roadmap:A two year process to finalize, by December 2009, a post-2012 regime.Mitigation actions by developing countries are supported by technology, financing and capacity building, subject to measurable, reportable and verifiable procedures;Adaptation fund: administered by board operating under the guidance of COP/MOP Technology: start program to scale up investment in the transfer of mitigation and adaptation technologies needed by developing countries

  12. Poznan Conference of Parties (COP 13) Move forward along Bali Roadmap:Main Objectives : (in bureaucratese)1) Agree on a plan of action and programs of work for the final year of negotiations after a year of comprehensive and extensive discussions on crucial issues relating to future commitments, actions and cooperation 2) Make significant progress on a number of on-going issues required to enhance further the implementation of the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol 3) Advance understanding and commonality of views on "shared vision" for a new climate change regime 4) Strengthen momentum and commitment to the process and the agreed timeline

  13. Poznan Conference of Parties (COP 13) Move forward along Bali Roadmap:Main Objectives : 1) Make progresses on adaptation (risk management) , mitigation (risk reduction), technology transfer and financing for developing countries. 2) Find means to achieve mitigation objectives for developed countries. 3) Start considering ranges of emission reduction objectives for Annex 1 parties

  14. Highlights of the EU Commission Position 1) Revision of the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS): national plans replaced by Europe-wide cap and trade 2) Revision of the ETS: inclusion of sectors such as construction, agriculture, …3) Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources (RES)4) Financing of 11 pilot plants for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

  15. Highlights of the EU Commission Position Revision of the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS): automatic “EU wide” 30% reduction of GHG by 2020 if International agreement to 20% reduction is achieved.Commission will fix an “ETS cap”, to be subdivided into “caps” for each sector and subsector.

  16. Highlights of the EU Commission Position 2) Renewable Energy Source Directive. By 2020, 20% of energy from renewable sources. Fixed trajectory, with well defined intermediate objectives. (Imports are included if actually used inside EU). In transportation sector biofuels at 10%.

  17. Highlights of Italian Position Central role of UNFCCC (MEM and G8 helpful)Crucial role of EU GHG-reduction (but its industrial sector should bear a disproportionate burden)Per capita emissions should direct our actionsCrucial role of capacity building and technology transferMitigation and forestationRapid deployment of Adaptation FundEfficiency: first-line cost-effective emission reduction resource

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