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Brian Polagye NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center Tidal Energy: Status and Trends Northwest Fisheries Science Cen

Brian Polagye NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center Tidal Energy: Status and Trends Northwest Fisheries Science Center December 8, 2009. Tidal Hydrokinetic Turbines. Superficial resemblance to wind turbines Power proportional to velocity cubed Key operational differences

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Brian Polagye NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center Tidal Energy: Status and Trends Northwest Fisheries Science Cen

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  1. Brian PolagyeNW National Marine Renewable Energy Center Tidal Energy: Status and Trends Northwest Fisheries Science CenterDecember 8, 2009

  2. Tidal Hydrokinetic Turbines • Superficial resemblance to wind turbines • Power proportional to velocity cubed • Key operational differences • Higher fluid density • Lower fluid speed • Higher torque 001,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  3. Other Forms of Marine Energy Tidal Barrage Wave Hydrokinetic • Ocean Current • Ocean Thermal • Salinity Gradient • Offshore Wind 002,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  4. Resource • Devices • Environmental Risks

  5. National Resource Localization Aleutian Islands • Utility-scale resources in only a few locations • Technically recoverable resource estimated ~9 GW average electrical power Cook Inlet Southeast Alaska Maine Puget Sound 005,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  6. Regional Resource Localization Rosario Strait San Juan Channel Guemes Channel Deception Pass Admiralty Inlet Race Rocks Agate Passage • Constrictions separating large bodies of water Rich Passage Tacoma Narrows 006,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  7. Site Resource Localization 007,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  8. Resource Summary • Intense: 3-4 m/s peak velocity • Predictable: Gravitational forcing • Load Proximity • Localized • Intermittent: 4 peaks per day   / /  009,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  9. Resource • Devices • Environmental Risks

  10. Industry Status • Many device concepts and laboratory tests • Very limited at-sea testing • Long regulatory process • High execution cost • Limited funding conduct at-sea trials • Only two at-sea test centers for tidal hydrokinetics • European Marine Energy Center (EMEC) (Orkney Islands, Scotland) • Fundy Ocean Research Centre (FORCE) (Minas Passage, Canada) 010,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  11. Verdant Power • Only US demonstration to date • Only array demonstration in the world Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy project 5 m diameter rotor (33 kW rating) Gearbox/Generator Passive yaw Drilled pile foundation 011,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  12. Clean Current • Offsets diesel load at lighthouse and marine science facility Race Rocks demonstration project Bi-directional diffuser Permanent magnet generator 3 m diameter rotor Drilled pile foundation 012,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  13. Clean Current - Biofouling Before After 6 months deployment 013,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  14. Open Hydro Surface piercing pile European Marine Energy Center Permanent magnet generator Lift 6 m diameter rotor • First device tested at EMEC Drilled pile 014,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  15. Open Hydro Fundy Ocean Research Center 10 m 20 m • First device tested at FORCE • Partnership with Nova Scotia Power Gravity base 015,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  16. Marine Current Turbines Service platform and electronics Strangford Lough demonstration Rotor (2 x 16m diameter, 1.2 MW rating) Support “wing” Gearbox/Generator Support pile • First grid connected, utility-scale device 3m diameter 016,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  17. Marine Current Turbines • Inspection/maintenance boarding around slack water • Inspection boat running against current as support wing is raised 017,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  18. Device Configuration and Scale Open Hydro (FORCE) Open Hydro (EMEC) MCT (Strangford) Verdant Power (RITE) 018,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  19. Device Technical Challenges • Reliability – unplanned maintenance incurs high cost • Survivability – harsh operating environments • Biofouling – biologically active environments • Deep water installation – most sites deeper than 40 m 020,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  20. Resource • Devices • Environmental Risks

  21. Environmental Risks • Effects on aquatic species • Avoidance • Aggregation • Strike • Near-field environment • Noise (device, vessels) • Wake (sediment transport) • Hard substrate (artificial reef) • EMF • Toxicity (coatings, lubricants) • Far-field environment • Circulation • Nearshore environment • Water quality 021,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  22. Project Learnings? Verdant Power • Active acoustics for fish observation • Data are proprietary to Verdant Power • Colonization • Installation disturbance in water and on land • Data are proprietary to Clean Current Clean Current • Video monitoring for fish observation • Passive acoustics for noise • Data are proprietary to Open Hydro Open Hydro • Data are proprietary to MCT • Sonar observation of marine mammals MCT 022,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  23. Monitoring Challenges • Species specific tracking • Active acoustics: data interpretation and analysis • Passive acoustics: only when vocalizing/echolocating • Acoustic tags: only tagged species, requires field of receivers • Video: lighting attracts species • Instrument limitations • Stand-alone instrumentation: power, storage, and comms • Cabled instrumentation: survivability and reliability • Sharing of data between projects • Applicability of data: distinct species/habitats • Willingness to share • Technical challenges to share: transfer terrabytes of data 023,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

  24. Puget Sound Demonstration Projects Snohomish PUD/Open Hydro Clean Current • Technology • Economics • Environmental risks US Navy/Verdant 024,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt

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